Immunoediting in acute myeloid leukemia: Reappraising T cell exhaustion and the aberrant antigen processing machinery in leukemogenesis
Ching-Yun Wang,
Shiuan-Chen Lin,
Kao-Jung Chang,
Han-Ping Cheong,
Sin-Rong Wu,
Cheng-Hao Lee,
Ming-Wei Chuang,
Shih-Hwa Chiou,
Chih-Hung Hsu,
Po-Shen Ko
Affiliations
Ching-Yun Wang
Department of Medical Education, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
Shiuan-Chen Lin
School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
Kao-Jung Chang
School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Ophthalmology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
Han-Ping Cheong
Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
Sin-Rong Wu
Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
Cheng-Hao Lee
Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
Ming-Wei Chuang
Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
Shih-Hwa Chiou
School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Ophthalmology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan; Genomic Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
Chih-Hung Hsu
Department of Environmental Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, China; Corresponding author, Department of Environmental Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, China
Po-Shen Ko
School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Corresponding author, Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) establishes an immunosuppressive microenvironment that favors leukemic proliferation. The immune-suppressive cytokines altered antigen processing, and presentation collectively assist AML cells in escaping cytotoxic T-cell surveillance. These CD8+ T cell dysfunction features are emerging therapeutic targets in relapsed/refractory AML patients. Besides, CD8+ T cell exhaustion is a hotspot in recent clinical oncology studies, but its pathophysiology has yet to be elucidated in AML. In this review, we summarize high-quality original studies encompassing the phenotypic and genomic characteristics of T cell exhaustion events in the leukemia progression, emphasize the surface immuno-peptidome that dynamically tunes the fate of T cells to function or dysfunction states, and revisit the biochemical and biophysical properties of type 1 MHC antigen processing mechanism (APM) that pivots in the phenomenon of leukemia antigen dampening.
