Biophysical insights into nanomaterial-induced DNA damage: mechanisms, challenges, and future directions

Abstract

Nanomaterials have garnered significant attention due to their unique properties and wide-ranging applications in medicine and biophysics. However, their interactions with biological systems, particularly DNA, raise critical concerns about genotoxicity and potential long-term health risks. This review delves into the biophysical mechanisms underlying nanomaterial-induced DNA damage, highlighting recent insights, current challenges, and future research directions. We explore how the physicochemical properties of nanomaterials influence their interaction with DNA, the pathways through which they induce damage, and the biophysical methods employed to study these processes.

Keywords

• nanomaterials
• dna damage
• dose enhancement
• physicochemical property
• monte carlo simulation
• nanoparticles