Low-grade chronic inflammation and transcriptomics: how molecular pharmacognosy can help find new natural treatment alternatives—a narrative review

Abstract

Abstract Background The inflammatory response is fundamental to the maintenance of an organism’s physiological homeostasis. Inflammation is controlled by a series of biological events driven by specific inflammatory molecules. When inflammation is within the homeostatic range, it is considered physiological; however, it becomes pathological when it exceeds the immune system’s homeostatic control. Main text Nowadays, the treatment of chronic pathological inflammation is a challenge for pharmacology, as current anti-inflammatory drugs are intended to control acute inflammation. The aim of this narrative review was to provide an overview of the role of molecular pharmacognosy and to demonstrate how current transcriptomics techniques can make an important contribution to the study of the biological functions of natural products in the context of multicomponent/multitarget medication. From our findings, although very few studies have been identified, encouraging results for low-grade chronic inflammations (LGCIs) of various causes emerged in recent transcriptomic studies on multicomponent medicinal products composed of plant and organ extracts at the level of the skin and the musculoskeletal system (Traumeel: Tr14), the liver (Lycopodium compositum: HC-24), and the joints (Zeel-T: Ze-14). Conclusion For adequate control of LGCI, molecular pharmacognosy may be an effective approach to exploring potentially useful herbal agents that are consistent with both physiotherapeutic tradition and modern pharmacology.

Keywords

• Low-grade chronic inflammation
• Systems medicine
• Low-dose medicine
• Molecular pharmacognosy
• Phytocomplexes
• Multicomponent/multitarget medications