The Relationship between Exercise and Salivary Oxidative Stress: A Systematic Review
Raphael Charchar Campos Alves,
Railson Oliveira Ferreira,
Deborah Ribeiro Frazão,
Yago Gecy de Souza Né,
Paulo Fernando Santos Mendes,
Guido Marañón-Vásquez,
Luiz Fernando Freire Royes,
Nathalia Carolina Fernandes Fagundes,
Lucianne Cople Maia,
Rafael Rodrigues Lima
Affiliations
Raphael Charchar Campos Alves
Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Augusto Corrêa Street 1, Guamá, Belém 66075-900, Brazil
Railson Oliveira Ferreira
Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Augusto Corrêa Street 1, Guamá, Belém 66075-900, Brazil
Deborah Ribeiro Frazão
Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Augusto Corrêa Street 1, Guamá, Belém 66075-900, Brazil
Yago Gecy de Souza Né
Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Augusto Corrêa Street 1, Guamá, Belém 66075-900, Brazil
Paulo Fernando Santos Mendes
Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Augusto Corrêa Street 1, Guamá, Belém 66075-900, Brazil
Guido Marañón-Vásquez
Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-913, Brazil
Luiz Fernando Freire Royes
Exercise Biochemistry Laboratory, Center of Physical Education and Sports, Federal University of Santa Maria-UFSM, Santa Maria 97105-900, Brazil
Nathalia Carolina Fernandes Fagundes
School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB 11405 87, Canada
Lucianne Cople Maia
Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-913, Brazil
Rafael Rodrigues Lima
Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Augusto Corrêa Street 1, Guamá, Belém 66075-900, Brazil
Salivary content has been reported as a potential biomarker for oxidative stress assessments especially in context of exercise-induced oxidative stress. This systematic review following PRISMA guidelines aimed to evaluate the effects of physical exercise and changes promoted in oxidative stress identified in saliva. Methods: Studies published up to May 2022 were searched in online databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, The Cochrane Library, LILACS, OpenGrey, and Google Scholar). Risk of bias evaluation were performed using the Quality Assessment Tool for Before-After (Pre-Post) Studies with No Control Group. Results: A total of 473 references were identified and 22 considered eligible. In this case 14 studies reported increase of antioxidant parameters in saliva while eight studies demonstrated increased lipid peroxidation after exercise. Regarding nitrite levels, two studies showed higher levels after exercise. The quality of evidence was very low due to high heterogeneity, inconsistency and indirectness among studies according Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation analysis. Conclusion: Increase of oxidative stress and antioxidant activity in saliva appears to be present after exercise, especially at moderate intensity. However, the wide variety of methods leads to divergent data. For precision in salivary assessments, new research with larger sample sizes and better participant matching are recommended.
