Infection and Drug Resistance (Jul 2022)
Genotypic and Phenotypic Expression of Antibiotic Resistance Patterns of Uropathogenic Enterobacteriaceae
Abstract
Elizabeth Gantasala,1 Sevitha Bhat,2 Vishwas Saralaya,2 Madhumitha Jayaram,1 Jeppu Udayalaxmi2 1Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India; 2Department of Microbiology, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, IndiaCorrespondence: Jeppu Udayalaxmi, Department of Microbiology, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India, Tel +91 824-2423452, Email [email protected]: To determine the antibiotic resistance patterns, detection of carbapenemase genes in uropathogenic bacilli belonging to the Enterobacteriaceae family and to correlate it with clinical data.Materials and Methods: Identification and antibiotic sensitivity testing of the uropathogenic Enterobacteriaceae was done by using VITEK2 Compact (C) system. Multiplex PCR was used to detect blaIMP, blaKPC, blaNDM1, blaOXA − 48, and blaVIM genes.Results: Out of 1602 urine samples, 417 (26%) showed significant growth, and in these 311 (74.6%) belonged to the Enterobacteriaceae family. Escherichia coli showed a relatively low rate of resistance to nitrofurantoin (17/205; 8.3%), with the majority of the isolates showing a MIC value of ≤ 16 μg/mL when compared to Klebsiella spp. (55/86; 64%), with MIC values for the majority of isolates being 128 μg/mL. Klebsiella spp. showed a relatively low rate of resistance to nalidixic acid (48/86; 55.8%) when compared with E. coli isolates (179/205; 87.3%). Out of 145 isolates tested, we found blaNDM in 11 (7.58%), bla OXA − 48 in 8 (5.51%), bla VIM in 4 (2.75%), bla KPC in one (0.6%) and blaIMP in none of the isolates. Of these 3 isolates were carbapenem sensitive, the rest were resistant.Conclusion: Most of the isolates were sensitive to fosfomycin, carbapenems and resistant to cephalosporins and nalidixic acid. We detected carbapenemase genes in 13 (59%) out of 22 carbapenem resistant isolates and 3 (2.4%) out of 123 carbapenem sensitive isolates.Keywords: antibacterial agents, drug resistance, multiplex polymerase chain reaction, urinary tract infection