BEEAF2 Score: A New Risk Stratification Score for Patients With Stage B Heart Failure From the KUNIUMI Registry Chronic Cohort

Abstract

Background Stage B heart failure (HF) refers to structural heart disease without signs or symptoms of HF, so that early intervention may delay or prevent the onset of overt HF. However, stage B HF is a very broad concept, and risk stratification of such patients can be challenging. Methods and Results We conducted a prospective study of data for 1646 consecutive patients with HF from the KUNIUMI (Kobe University Heart Failure Registry in Awaji Medical Center) registry chronic cohort. The definition of HF stages was based on current guidelines for classification of 29 patients as stage A HF, 761 as stage B HF, 827 as stage C HF, and 29 patients as stage D HF. The primary end point was the time‐to‐first‐event defined as cardiovascular death or HF hospitalization within 2.0 years of follow‐up. A maximum of 6 adjustment factor points was assigned based on Cox proportional hazards analysis findings for the hazard ratio (HR) of independent risk factors for the primary end point: 1 point for anemia, estimated glomerular filtration rate 14, and 2 points for clinical frailty scale >3. Patients with stage B HF were stratified into 3 groups, low risk (0–1 points), moderate risk (2–3 points), and high risk (4–6 points). Based on this scoring system (BEEAF2 [brain natriuretic peptide, estimated glomerular filtration rate, ratio of early transmitral flow velocity to early diastolic mitral annular velocity, anemia, and frailty]), the outcome was found to become worse in accordance with risk level. High‐risk patients with stage B HF and patients with stage C HF showed similar outcomes. Conclusions Our scoring system offers an easy‐to‐use evaluation of risk stratification for patients with stage B HF.

Keywords

• echocardiography
• preclinical heart failure
• risk stratification
• stage B heart failure