Why Female Smokers Have Poorer Long-Term Health Outcomes than Male Smokers: The Role of Cigarette Smoking During Pregnancy

• Li Yang,
• Li Yang,
• Yunchun Zhou,
• Yunchun Zhou,
• Mingyan Jiang,
• Wendy Wen,
• Yanfang Guo,
• Yanfang Guo,
• Smita Pakhale,
• Smita Pakhale,
• Smita Pakhale,
• Shi Wu Wen,
• Shi Wu Wen,
• Shi Wu Wen

Affiliations

Li Yang

Respiratory Medicine Department of Xiangtan Central Hospital of Hunan Province, Xiangtan, Hunan, China

Li Yang

Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada

Yunchun Zhou

Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada

Yunchun Zhou

Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine of Yuxi People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Yuxi, Yunnan, China

Mingyan Jiang

Respiratory Medicine Department of Xiangtan Central Hospital of Hunan Province, Xiangtan, Hunan, China

Wendy Wen

School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa Faculty of Medicine, Ottawa, ON, Canada

Yanfang Guo

Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada

Yanfang Guo

BORN (Better Outcome Registry Network) Ontario, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, ON, Canada

Smita Pakhale

Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada

Smita Pakhale

Division of Respiratory, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON, Canada

Smita Pakhale

School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa Faculty of Medicine, Ottawa, ON, Canada

Shi Wu Wen

Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada

Shi Wu Wen

School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa Faculty of Medicine, Ottawa, ON, Canada

Shi Wu Wen

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada