Journal of Clinical Medicine (Nov 2022)

The Expression of IL-1β Correlates with the Expression of Galectin-3 in the Tissue at the Maternal–Fetal Interface during the Term and Preterm Labor

  • Nikola Jovic,
  • Marija Milovanovic,
  • Jovana Joksimovic Jovic,
  • Marija Bicanin Ilic,
  • Dejana Rakic,
  • Vladimir Milenkovic,
  • Bojana Stojanovic,
  • Jelena Milovanovic,
  • Aleksandar Arsenijevic,
  • Nebojsa Arsenijevic,
  • Mirjana Varjacic

DOI
https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11216521
Journal volume & issue
Vol. 11, no. 21
p. 6521

Abstract

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The inflammatory processes that occur at the maternal–fetal interface are considered one of the factors that are responsible for preterm birth. The pro-inflammatory roles of the Gal-3-induced activation of NLRP3 inflammasome and the consecutive production of IL-1β have been described in several acute and chronic inflammatory diseases, but the role of this inflammatory axis in parturition has not been studied. The aim of this study was to analyze the protein expression of Gal-3, NLRP3, and IL-1β in the decidua, villi, and fetal membranes, and to analyze their mutual correlation and correlation with the clinical parameters of inflammation in preterm birth (PTB) and term birth (TB). The study included 40 women that underwent a preterm birth (gestational age of 25.0–36.6) and histological chorioamnionitis (PTB) and control subjects, 22 women that underwent a term birth (gestational age of 37.0–41.6) without histological chorioamnionitis (TB). An analysis of the tissue sections that were stained with anti- Gal-3, -NLRP3, and -IL-1β antibodies was assessed by three independent investigators. The expression levels of Gal-3 and IL-1β were significantly higher (p p = 0.008), villi (R = 0.301; p = 0.042) and the fetal membranes (R = 0.428; p = 0.002) in both of the groups, PTB and TB. In addition, the expression of Gal-3 and IL-1β in decidua and the fetal membranes was in correlation with the parameters of inflammation in the maternal and fetal blood (C-reactive protein, leukocyte number, and fibrinogen). The strong correlation between the expression of Gal-3 and IL-1β in the placental and fetal tissues during labor indicates that Gal-3 may participate in the regulation of the inflammatory processes in the placenta, leading to increased production of IL-1β, a cytokine that plays the main role in both term and preterm birth.

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