Zhongguo youzhi (Jul 2025)
膨腹海马（Hippocampus abdominalis）磷脂 及其脂肪酸组成分析Analysis of phospholipids and their fatty acid composition in the Hippocampus abdominalis
Abstract
为了揭示雌、雄膨腹海马磷脂组成及其差异，用溶剂萃取法分别提取雌、雄膨腹海马脂质，冷丙酮提取其中的磷脂，进一步采用薄层色谱法和硅胶柱层析分离制备各磷脂组分，利用气相色谱技术分析比较雌、雄膨腹海马磷脂及其各组分的脂肪酸组成。结果表明：雌、雄膨腹海马的磷脂含量丰富，分别占总脂的18.11%和18.72%；膨腹海马磷脂包括磷脂酰乙醇胺、磷脂酰胆碱、溶血磷脂酰胆碱和鞘磷脂，其中磷脂酰胆碱含量最高；膨腹海马磷脂中共鉴定出20种脂肪酸，且不饱和脂肪酸含量高于饱和脂肪酸含量；雌、雄膨腹海马磷脂中海洋特征性n-3多不饱和脂肪酸DHA和EPA总含量分别为18.30%、19.61%；膨腹海马的磷脂酰乙醇胺、磷脂酰胆碱和溶血磷脂酰胆碱饱和脂肪酸都以C16∶ 0和C18∶ 0为主，而在鞘磷脂中以C14∶ 0和C16∶ 0为主；膨腹海马4种磷脂组分的单不饱和脂肪酸均以C18∶ 1为主，多不饱和脂肪酸均以EPA和DHA为主；除了雄性膨腹海马溶血磷脂酰胆碱外，其余磷脂组分DHA和EPA总含量均超过16%。综上，膨腹海马磷脂组成多样，海洋特征性n-3多不饱和脂肪酸含量丰富，具有较高的营养价值。 In order to reveal the phospholipids compositions and differences between male and female Hippocampus abdominalis, the lipids of female and male Hippocampus abdominalis were extracted by solvent extraction method, then phospholipids in the lipids were extracted by cold acetone. Moreover, the different phospholipids fractions were separated by thin-layer chromatography and silica gel column chromatography, then the fatty acid composition of phospholipids and the different phospholipids fractions from female and male Hippocampus abdominalis were analyzed by gas chromatography. The results showed that the female and male Hippocampus abdominalis were rich in phospholipids, accounting for 18.11% and 18.72% of the total lipids, respectively. The phospholipids of Hippocampus abdominalis included phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, lysophosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin, among which phosphatidylcholine was the most abundant. The phospholipids of Hippocampus abdominalis identified 20 kinds of fatty acids, and the content of unsaturated fatty acids was higher than that of saturated fatty acids. Furthermore, the total content of marine characteristic n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids DHA and EPA in female and male Hippocampus abdominalis phospholipids were 18.30% and 19.61%, respectively. The saturated fatty acids of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine and lysophosphatidylcholine in both male and female Hippocampus abdominalis were all dominated by C16∶ 0 and C18∶ 0, whereas those in sphingomyelin were dominated by C14∶ 0 and C16∶ 0. The monounsaturated fatty acids of the four phospholipid fractions of the male and female Hippocampus abdominalis were all dominated by C18∶ 1, and the polyunsaturated fatty acids were all dominated by EPA and DHA. The total contents of DHA and EPA were more than 16%, except for lysophosphatidylcholine in male Hippocampus abdominalis. In conclusion, phospholipids composition of Hippocampus abdominalis is diverse, with abundant marine characteristic n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and high nutritional value.
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