Taste Receptor Activation in Tracheal Brush Cells by Denatonium Modulates ENaC Channels via Ca²⁺, cAMP and ACh

Abstract

Mucociliary clearance is a primary defence mechanism of the airways consisting of two components, ciliary beating and transepithelial ion transport (ISC). Specialised chemosensory cholinergic epithelial cells, named brush cells (BC), are involved in regulating various physiological and immunological processes. However, it remains unclear if BC influence ISC. In murine tracheae, denatonium, a taste receptor agonist, reduced basal ISC in a concentration-dependent manner (EC50 397 µM). The inhibition of bitter taste signalling components with gallein (Gβγ subunits), U73122 (phospholipase C), 2-APB (IP3-receptors) or with TPPO (Trpm5, transient receptor potential-melastatin 5 channel) reduced the denatonium effect. Supportively, the ISC was also diminished in Trpm5−/− mice. Mecamylamine (nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, nAChR, inhibitor) and amiloride (epithelial sodium channel, ENaC, antagonist) decreased the denatonium effect. Additionally, the inhibition of Gα subunits (pertussis toxin) reduced the denatonium effect, while an inhibition of phosphodiesterase (IBMX) increased and of adenylate cyclase (forskolin) reversed the denatonium effect. The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) inhibitor CFTRinh172 and the KCNQ1 potassium channel antagonist chromanol 293B both reduced the denatonium effect. Thus, denatonium reduces ISC via the canonical bitter taste signalling cascade leading to the Trpm5-dependent nAChR-mediated inhibition of ENaC as well as Gα signalling leading to a reduction in cAMP-dependent ISC. Therefore, BC activation contributes to the regulation of fluid homeostasis.

Keywords

• ion transport
• airway epithelium
• Ussing chamber
• mucociliary clearance
• brush cell
• ENaC