Assessment of the immune interference effects of multivalent vaccine for influenza epidemic strain in 2022–2023 and evaluation of its efficacy
Eulhae Ga,
Jung-Ah Kang,
Jaehyun Hwang,
Suyun Moon,
Jaeseok Choi,
Eunseo Bae,
Hyein Seol,
Yubin Mun,
Daesub Song,
Dae Gwin Jeong,
Woonsung Na
Affiliations
Eulhae Ga
College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea; College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea
Jung-Ah Kang
Bionanotechnology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
Jaehyun Hwang
College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea; College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea
Suyun Moon
College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea; College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea
Jaeseok Choi
College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea; College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea
Eunseo Bae
College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea; College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea
Hyein Seol
Bionanotechnology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
Yubin Mun
Bionanotechnology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
Daesub Song
College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
Dae Gwin Jeong
Bionanotechnology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea; Corresponding author.
Woonsung Na
Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Daehak-ro 101 (Yeongeon-dong), Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, South Korea; Corresponding author.
The various strains of influenza virus cause respiratory symptoms in humans every year and annual vaccinations are recommended. Due to its RNA-type genes and segmented state, it belongs to a virus that mutates frequently with antigenic drift and shift, giving rise to various strains. Each year, the World Health Organization identifies the epidemic strains and operates a global surveillance system to suggest the viral composition for the influenza vaccine. Influenza viruses, which have multiple viral strains, are produced in the format of multivalent vaccine. However, the multivalent vaccine has a possibility of causing immune interference by introducing multiple strain-specific antigens in a single injection. Therefore, evaluating immune interference phenomena is essential when assessing multivalent vaccines. In this study, the protective ability and immunogenicity of multivalent and monovalent vaccines were evaluated in mice to assess immune interference in the multivalent vaccine. Monovalent and multivalent vaccines were manufactured using the latest strain of the 2022–2023 seasonal influenza virus selected by the World Health Organization. The protective abilities of both types of vaccines were tested through hemagglutination inhibition test. The immunogenicity of multivalent and monovalent vaccines were tested through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to measure the cellular and humoral immunity expression rates. As a result of the protective ability and immunogenicity test, higher level of virus neutralizing ability and greater amount of antibodies in both IgG1 and IgG2 were confirmed in the multivalent vaccine. No immune interference was found to affect the protective capacity and immune responses of the multivalent vaccines.
