CX43 down-regulation promotes cell aggressiveness and 5-fluorouracil-resistance by attenuating cell stiffness in colorectal carcinoma

Abstract

Chemotherapy is one of the most commonly treatments of advanced colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the drug resistant following chemotherapeutic treatment is a significant challenge in the clinical management of CRC. Therefore, understanding the resistance mechanisms and developing new strategies for enhancing the sensitivity are urgently needed to improve CRC outcome. Connexins contribute to the formation of gap junctions among neighboring cells and then advance gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC) for transportation of ions and small molecules. Although the drug resistance resulted from GJIC dysfunctional by aberrant expression of connexins is relatively well understood, the underlying mechanisms of mechanical stiffness mediated by connexin responsible for chemoresistance are largely unknown in CRC. Here, we demonstrated that connexin 43 (CX43) expression was downregulated in CRC and that loss of CX43 expression was positively correlated with metastasis and poor prognosis of CRC patients. The CX43 overexpressing suppressed CRC progression and increased the sensitivity to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) via enhanced GJIC in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, we also highlight that the downregulation of CX43 in CRC increases the stemness of cells via reducing the cell stiffness, thus promoting the drug resistance. Our results further suggest that both effects, that is changes in the mechanical stiffness of the cell and GJIC mediated by CX43 deregulated, are closely related to drug resistance in CRC, which indicating CX43 as a target against cancer growth and chemoresistance in CRC.

Keywords

• connexin 43
• colorectal cancer
• chemoresistance
• stiffness