Does Two Hour Post 75-Gram Sugar Test Levels for Diagnosis of Gestational Diabetes Correlate with Type of Intervention Required? An Audit from Tertiary Care Center of India

Abstract

Introduction: Gestational diabetes mellitus is carbohydrate intolerance of variable severity with onset or first recognition during pregnancy. Aim: This study was planned to correlate the relation of 2 hours post 75-gram glucose test done irrespective of meals with type of intervention required and fetomaternal outcome. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective observational study conducted over a period of one year. All women registering in antenatal outpatient department in the university and who were diagnosed with gestational diabetes were enrolled in the study. Total number of women registered was 1922. Out of them, 211 had sugar level more than or equal to 140 mg/dL while 14 were having type 2 diabetes known prior to pregnancy. Data was analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 15.0. Frequency distribution, percentages and students t-test was used for statistical analysis. Results: Occurrence of GDM came out be 10.9% in our antenatal population. With increasing sugar levels, insulin requirement increases. Three fourth of the women with Diabetes In Pregnancy Study group of India (DIPSI) sugar test levels between 140-160 mg/dL were well controlled with medical nutrition therapy itself. Our study showed that more than half of the women on MNT alone could be easily carried beyond 37 weeks. However, the number perhaps reduced significantly in patients who required insulin in addition to MNT. Intrauterine demise, preterm births and FGR are more common compared to foetal malformation and macrosomia in our population. Conclusion: Timely diagnosis and intervention is of great help in improving both short and long term health benefits in mother and baby. Medical nutrition therapy is an easy intervention with definite benefits.

Keywords

• diabetes
• dipsi
• gestational diabetes
• pregnancy