Indian Journal of Ophthalmology (Jan 2013)
Distant metastatic retinoblastoma without central nervous system involvement
- Mohammad Javed Ali,
- Santosh G Honavar,
- Vijay Anand Reddy
Affiliations
- Mohammad Javed Ali
- Santosh G Honavar
- Vijay Anand Reddy
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.4103/0301-4738.97077
- Journal volume & issue
-
Vol. 61,
no. 7
pp. 357 – 359
Abstract
Retinoblastoma is the most common intraocular malignancy in children, with a reported incidence ranging from 1 in 15,000 to 1 in 18,000 live births. Metastatic retinoblastoma is rare in developed countries, with a reported range from 4.8% in the United States to 5.8% in the United Kingdom. However, the frequency reported from developing countries varies from 9 to 11% at presentation. The mortality is very high owing to late presentations, delayed diagnosis compounded by socio-economic factors. The management of metastatic retinoblastoma is evolving, but it is still a challenge in pediatric oncology. We present a case of an extensive skeletal metastasis that initially presented as a massive orbital retinoblastoma.
Keywords
- Anxiety
- cataract
- intraocular pressure
- melatonin
- pain
- topical anesthesia
- Binocular vision
- near point of convergence
- visual symptoms
- Electron microscopy
- intravitreal injection
- light microscopy
- methotrexate
- rabbit
- retina
- Contact lens
- healthcare workers
- health professionals
- Collagen implant
- mitomycin C
- ologen
- trabeculectomy
- Air
- cataract surgery
- inflammation
- rabbit
- Carotid-cavernous fistula
- endovascular treatment
- Graves′ ophthalmopathy
- Macular edema
- optical coherence tomography
- pituitary adenoma
- Choroidal neovascular membrane
- idiopathic macular telangiectasia
- photodynamic therapy
- ranibizumab
- Ahmed Glaucoma Valve
- conjunctival erosion
- Doxycycline
- Autologous stem cell rescue
- bone marrow
- metastasis
- retinoblastoma