INTERLEUKIN-8 AND INTERLEUKIN-1Α LEVELS IN THE GINGIVAL CREVICULAR FLUID OF PERIODONTITIS PATIENTS AND THEIR CORRELATION WITH PERIODONTAL POCKET DEPTH AND BLEEDING ON PROBING

Abstract

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) levels of interleukin (IL)-8 and IL-1α in gingivitis and periodontitis sites in the same periodontitis participant, as well as their correlation with periodontal pocket depth (PPD) and bleeding on probing (BOP). METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted at School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, from April 2019 to December 2021. GCF samples were collected from gingivitis (≤3 mm) and periodontitis (≥5 mm) sites of 30 periodontitis participants. In addition, the periodontal parameters (PPD and BOP) of the related sites were recorded. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to determine IL-8 and IL-1α levels in GCF. The correlations of IL-8 and IL-1α in GCF levels with PPD and BOP were determined by the Spearman correlation test. RESULTS: Mean PPD for 180 teeth was 2.5±0.3 mm and 5.6±0.4 mm in Gingivitis and Periodontitis respectively <0.001. Median (IQR) BOP (%) was 21 (19-26) and 80 (70-90) in Gingivitis and Periodontitis respectively <0.001. Median (IQR) IL-8 levels were 8.4 (1.8-25.9) pg/ml and 10.6 (2.3-18.3) pg/ml in patients with gingivitis and periodontitis respectively (p=0.965). Median (IQR) IL-1α levels were 32.9 (17.5-70.8) pg/ml and 33.74 (15.1-45.9) pg/ml in patients with gingivitis and periodontitis respectively (p=0.413). No signioficant correlations was observed between interleukins & PPD and IL-8 and IL-1 with BOP at gingivitis and periodontitis sites. CONCLUSION: Both IL-8 and IL-1α are present in the GCF of gingivitis and periodontitis sites, with no significant differences. Additionally, the levels of these interleukins are apparently unrelated to PPD or BOP.

Keywords

• interleukin-8
• interleukin-1α
• gingivitis
• periodontitis
• gingival crevicular fluid
• intra-subject study
• interleukin-1alpha