Staphylococcus aureus Isolates from Bovine Mastitis in Eight Countries: Genotypes, Detection of Genes Encoding Different Toxins and Other Virulence Genes
Valentina Monistero,
Hans Ulrich Graber,
Claudia Pollera,
Paola Cremonesi,
Bianca Castiglioni,
Enriqueta Bottini,
Alejandro Ceballos-Marquez,
Laura Lasso-Rojas,
Volker Kroemker,
Nicole Wente,
Inge-Marie Petzer,
Carlos Santisteban,
Jeff Runyan,
Marcos Veiga dos Santos,
Bruna Gomes Alves,
Renata Piccinini,
Valerio Bronzo,
Mohamed Salah Abbassi,
Meriam Ben Said,
Paolo Moroni
Affiliations
Valentina Monistero
Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, via Celoria 10, 20133 Milan, Italy
Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, via Celoria 10, 20133 Milan, Italy
Paola Cremonesi
Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology, National Research Council, via Einstein, 26900 Lodi, Italy
Bianca Castiglioni
Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology, National Research Council, via Einstein, 26900 Lodi, Italy
Enriqueta Bottini
Laboratorio de Microbiologia Clinica y Experimental, Departamento de Sanidad Animal y Medicina Preventiva SAMP/CIVENTAN, Becaria CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (FCV, UNCPBA), Paraje Arroyo Seco S/N, Campus Universitario, CP 7000 Tandil, Buenos Aires, Argentina
Alejandro Ceballos-Marquez
Laboratorio de Calidad de Leche y Epidemiología Veterinaria (Grupo CLEV), Universidad de Caldas, Calle 65 #26-10, Manizales, Caldas, Colombia
Laura Lasso-Rojas
Laboratorio de Calidad de Leche y Epidemiología Veterinaria (Grupo CLEV), Universidad de Caldas, Calle 65 #26-10, Manizales, Caldas, Colombia
Volker Kroemker
Bioprocess Engineering—Faculty II, University of Applied Sciences and Arts, Microbiology Heisterbergallee 12, 30453 Hannover, Germany
Nicole Wente
Bioprocess Engineering—Faculty II, University of Applied Sciences and Arts, Microbiology Heisterbergallee 12, 30453 Hannover, Germany
Inge-Marie Petzer
Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, M35, Pretoria 0110, South Africa
Carlos Santisteban
Quality Milk Production Services, Animal Health Diagnostic Center, Cornell University, 240 Farrier Road, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
Jeff Runyan
Quality Milk Production Services, Animal Health Diagnostic Center, Cornell University, 240 Farrier Road, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
Marcos Veiga dos Santos
Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Rua Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, Pirassununga-SP 13635900, Brazil
Bruna Gomes Alves
Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Rua Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, Pirassununga-SP 13635900, Brazil
Renata Piccinini
Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, via Celoria 10, 20133 Milan, Italy
Valerio Bronzo
Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, via Celoria 10, 20133 Milan, Italy
Mohamed Salah Abbassi
Tunisian Institute of Veterinary Research, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1068, Tunisia
Meriam Ben Said
Tunisian Institute of Veterinary Research, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1068, Tunisia
Paolo Moroni
Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, via Celoria 10, 20133 Milan, Italy
Staphylococcus aureus is recognized worldwide as one of the major agents of dairy cow intra-mammary infections. This microorganism can express a wide spectrum of pathogenic factors used to attach, colonize, invade and infect the host. The present study evaluated 120 isolates from eight different countries that were genotyped by RS-PCR and investigated for 26 different virulence factors to increase the knowledge on the circulating genetic lineages among the cow population with mastitis. New genotypes were observed for South African strains while for all the other countries new variants of existing genotypes were detected. For each country, a specific genotypic pattern was found. Among the virulence factors, fmtB, cna, clfA and leucocidins genes were the most frequent. The sea and sei genes were present in seven out of eight countries; seh showed high frequency in South American countries (Brazil, Colombia, Argentina), while sel was harboured especially in one Mediterranean country (Tunisia). The etb, seb and see genes were not detected in any of the isolates, while only two isolates were MRSA (Germany and Italy) confirming the low diffusion of methicillin resistance microorganism among bovine mastitis isolates. This work demonstrated the wide variety of S. aureus genotypes found in dairy cattle worldwide. This condition suggests that considering the region of interest might help to formulate strategies for reducing the infection spreading.
