Frontiers in Medicine (Dec 2024)
ACE2 and TMPRSS2 genetic polymorphisms as potential predictors of COVID−19 severity and outcome in females
- Sanja Matic,
- Dragan Milovanovic,
- Dragan Milovanovic,
- Zeljko Mijailovic,
- Zeljko Mijailovic,
- Predrag Djurdjevic,
- Predrag Djurdjevic,
- Srdjan Stefanovic,
- Danijela Todorovic,
- Katarina Vitosevic,
- Katarina Vitosevic,
- Vanja Canovic,
- Suzana Popovic,
- Nevena Milivojevic Dimitrijevic,
- Nevena Milivojevic Dimitrijevic,
- Marko Zivanovic,
- Marko Zivanovic,
- Dragana Seklic,
- Sanja Aleksic,
- Nemanja Djordjevic,
- Nemanja Djordjevic,
- Milena Vukic,
- Nenad Vukovic,
- Nenad Filipovic,
- Nenad Filipovic,
- Dejan Baskic,
- Dejan Baskic,
- Natasa Djordjevic
Affiliations
- Sanja Matic
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
- Dragan Milovanovic
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
- Dragan Milovanovic
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University Clinical Centre Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
- Zeljko Mijailovic
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
- Zeljko Mijailovic
- Infectious Diseases Clinic, University Clinical Centre Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
- Predrag Djurdjevic
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
- Predrag Djurdjevic
- Clinic for Haematology, University Clinical Centre Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
- Srdjan Stefanovic
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
- Danijela Todorovic
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
- Katarina Vitosevic
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
- Katarina Vitosevic
- 0Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, University Clinical Center Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
- Vanja Canovic
- 0Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, University Clinical Center Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
- Suzana Popovic
- 1Centre for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
- Nevena Milivojevic Dimitrijevic
- 2Bioengineering Research and Development Center (BioIRC), Kragujevac, Serbia
- Nevena Milivojevic Dimitrijevic
- 3Department of Sciences Institute for Information Technologies Kragujevac, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
- Marko Zivanovic
- 2Bioengineering Research and Development Center (BioIRC), Kragujevac, Serbia
- Marko Zivanovic
- 3Department of Sciences Institute for Information Technologies Kragujevac, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
- Dragana Seklic
- 3Department of Sciences Institute for Information Technologies Kragujevac, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
- Sanja Aleksic
- Clinic for Haematology, University Clinical Centre Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
- Nemanja Djordjevic
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
- Nemanja Djordjevic
- Infectious Diseases Clinic, University Clinical Centre Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
- Milena Vukic
- 4Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
- Nenad Vukovic
- 4Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
- Nenad Filipovic
- 2Bioengineering Research and Development Center (BioIRC), Kragujevac, Serbia
- Nenad Filipovic
- 5Faculty of Engineering, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
- Dejan Baskic
- 1Centre for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
- Dejan Baskic
- 6Institute of Public Health Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
- Natasa Djordjevic
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2024.1493815
- Journal volume & issue
-
Vol. 11
Abstract
IntroductionACE2 and TMPRSS2 represent the major gateways for SARS-CoV-2 cell entry. The presence of functional ACE2 and TMPRSS2 genetic polymorphisms that affect gene expression may affect the risk of severe form of COVID-19 and its fatal outcome.Material and patientsThis observational study enrolled 178 hospitalized patients diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 infection at the University Clinical Centre of Kragujevac, Serbia. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory data were gathered at admission. Genotyping for single nucleotide polymorphisms of ACE2 (rs2106809 and rs2074192) and TMPRSS2 (rs2070788 and rs4818239) was performed using the Real-Time PCR method with TaqMan assays.ResultsControlling for other factors of influence, such as CCI, N/L ratio, LDH level, and pO2, we showed that females with TMPRSS2 rs2070788 A/A genotype were less likely to develop severe COVID-19 (odds ratio [OR] [95% confidence interval (95% CI)]: 0.030 [0.001; 0.862]). Additionally, the likelihood of dying of SARS-CoV-2 infection was lower in female carriers of at least one ACE2 rs2106809 C allele (OR [95% CI]: 0.004 [0.000; 0.981]).ConclusionOur findings indicate TMPRSS2 rs2070788 and ACE2 rs2106809 polymorphisms as independent predictors of severity and outcome of COVID-19 in females.
Keywords
