Study of the pattern of morbidity and mortality in the Pediatric patients (1 month to 15 years) in a tertiary care centre in South West Bihar

Abstract

Introduction Status of child health in a country is reflected in various morbidity and mortality indicators and their changes over a period of time. India is home to 19% of the world’s children and like any other country, the morbidity profile is not static in India and keeps on changing with overall development in socioeconomic and environmental status as well as child health care awareness/facilities in the community. So, the proper documentation of the same is also of great importance for proper health care planning. Aim and Objective This study aimed to determine the patterns of morbidity, mortality in pediatric patients (1 month to 15 years) in a tertiary care centre, Jamuhar in South West Bihar. Methodology This was a retrospective study conducted in a tertiary care hospital, Jamuhar of South West Bihar. Medical records of 2019 children admitted in the department of Pediatrics between 1st May 2019 to 30th April 2020 were reviewed. The data on morbidity patterns in children due to different diseases, causes of death in different age groups, age and gender distribution of pediatric age group mortality, mean time interval between admission and death of children were collected. Result In our study, we enrolled 2019 patients, those who were admitted in the study period. Most common 39.6 % (800 patients) morbidity was acute respiratory infection. Among respiratory illnesses, acute bronchiolitis was the most common respiratory morbidity 601 (75.12%). Second most common morbidity was associated with Gastrointestinal system illness 386 (19.12 %) patients, out of which acute diarrheal diseases accounted for 347(89.89 %). Third most common morbidity was Central nervous system illness 347(17.18%). In our study, the mortality rate of hospitalized pediatric patients was 2.67%, which is comparable to any other hospital of developing countries. In this study we found most common causes of mortality were sepsis and septic shock 48% followed by acute respiratory infection 29.62%. Conclusion In this study we concluded that 3 most common causes of morbidities among 1 month to 15 years age group patients were acute respiratory infection, acute diarrheal illness and acute encephalitis syndrome. Three most common cause of death were sepsis and septic shock, acute bronchiolitis and acute encephalitic syndrome.

Keywords

• Morbidity, Mortality, Pediatric, Bihar.