Evaluation of Anti-Inflammatory Activity of the Methanol Extracts of Premna schimperi Engl (Lamiaceae) Leaves in Rats

Abstract

Melese Arega,1 Aschalew Nardos,2 Asfaw Debella,3 Beyene Dereje,4 Lidet Terefe,2 Abiy Abebe3 1Department of Pharmacy, Pawi Health Sciences College, Pawi, Ethiopia; 2Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia; 3Department of Traditional and Modern Medicine Research Directorate, Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; 4Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dire Dawa University, Dire Dawa, EthiopiaCorrespondence: Melese Arega, Email [email protected]: Even though it is a protective reaction, inflammation continues to be one of the most challenging medical disorders. The current conventional anti-inflammatory drugs have many undesirable health effects and are in need of newer drugs. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of an aqueous methanol crude extract of Premna schimperi leaves.Methods: Premna schimperi leaf was extracted with 80% methanol and concentrated; the concentrated extract was used to evaluate the acute toxicity and anti-inflammatory effects. For the acute toxicity study, a single dose of Premna schimperi extract at a dose of 2000 mg/kg was administered and observed for 14 days. Acute, sub-acute, and chronic anti-inflammatory models were employed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of the extract compared to the standard drug. Data were analyzed with SPSS V. 27, and the significance was established with a one-way ANOVA followed by a post hoc Tukey’s test.Results: Acute oral toxicity testing at a dose of 2000 mg/kg did not show any sign of toxicity. According to the phytochemical study, the plants contained flavonoids, terpenoids, tannins, cardiac glycosides, steroids, phenolics, and anthraquinones. The extract doses of 200 mg/kg, 400 mg/kg, and 800 mg/kg of extracts effectively (p< 0.001) reduced paw edema in the acute and sub-acute models of inflammation. When compared to the negative control group, all tested doses in the chronic model significantly (p< 0.05) decreased the production of exudates and the amount of granuloma tissue.Conclusion: Premna schimperi displayed significant anti-inflammatory activity. The tested doses inhibit the formation of edema, granulomas, and exudates.Keywords: anti-inflammation, carrageenan, indomethacin, paw edema, Premna schimperi

Keywords

• anti-inflammation
• carrageenan
• indomethacin
• paw edema
• premna schimperi