In this article, a comprehensive review of electrical microgrids is presented, emphasizing their increasing importance in the context of renewable energy integration. Microgrids, capable of operating in both grid-connected and standalone modes, offer significant potential for providing energy solutions to rural and remote communities. However, the inclusion of diverse energy sources, energy storage systems (ESSs), and varying load demands introduces challenges in control and optimization. This review focuses on hybrid microgrids, analyzing their operational scenarios and exploring various optimization strategies and control approaches for efficient energy management. By synthesizing recent advancements and highlighting key trends, this article provides a detailed understanding of the current state and future directions in hybrid microgrid systems.
