Direct Anterior Approach Provides Superior Prosthesis Adaptability in the Early Postoperative Period of Total Hip Arthroplasty

Abstract

Objectives Prosthesis awareness is the perception of foreign bodies, which has a critical effect on the function of the prosthetic joint. In total hip arthroplasty (THA), the direct anterior approach (DAA) has more advantages than the posterior approach (PA), including superior rehabilitation outcomes. This study was to evaluate the recovery of “prosthesis awareness” through these two approaches. Methods Three hundred and seventy‐six patients who received THA with either DAA (n = 41) or PA (n = 335) from January 2016 to December 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. The Forgotten Joint Score‐12 (FJS‐12), Harris hip score (HHS), and visual analog scale (VAS) analyses were used to evaluate the recovery of “prosthesis awareness” in these patients 2 weeks, 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after surgery. The student t‐test, Wilcoxon rank sum test, chi‐square test, and MANOVA were used to compare the differences among groups. Results We found that DAA patients had higher FJS‐12 scores than PA patients at 2 weeks (42.15 ± 3.36 vs. 38.09 ± 3.28, p = 0.042), 1 month (49.06 ± 5.14 vs. 41.11 ± 5.21, p = 0.038), and 3 months (53.23 ± 4.07 vs. 48.09 ± 3.71, t = 3.152, p = 0.045). And the recovery rates of FJS‐12 scores in DAA and PA groups at 2 weeks, 1 month, and 3 months after surgery were 75.46% ± 6.04%, 84.05% ± 6.57%, 91.37% ± 7.13%, and 74.14% ± 5.54%, 78.16% ± 6.01%, 88.23% ± 6.42%, respectively. To compare the recovery effects of the two procedures in more detail, we classified the 12 items in FJS‐12 that evaluate different types of gravity center motions into three categories: low‐movement group (LG), middle‐movement group (MG), and high‐movement group (HG). Interestingly, DAA patients had significantly higher HG than PA patients at 2 weeks, 1 month, and 3 months after operation (t = 3.225, p = 0.022 at 2 weeks, t = 3.081, p = 0.041 at 1 month and t = 2.783, p = 0.046 at 3 months), whereas no significant differences were observed in LG‐ and MG‐related items. In addition, there were no significant differences in HHS and VAS scores between DAA and PA patients at 2 weeks (p = 0.102, p = 0.093), or from 1 month to 12 months (each p > 0.05). Conclusions DAA‐mediated THA is superior to PA in terms of prosthesis adaptability and recovery of hip joint motion in the first 3 months after surgery, especially concerning high‐movement gravity center motions.

Keywords

• Direct Anterior Approach
• Posterior Approach
• Prosthesis Awareness
• Retrospective Study
• Total Hip Arthroplasty