Intratumoral Budding in Pretreatment Biopsies, among Tumor Microenvironmental Components, Can Predict Prognosis and Neoadjuvant Therapy Response in Colorectal Adenocarcinoma

Abstract

Background and Objectives: The prediction of the prognosis and effect of neoadjuvant therapy is vital for patients with advanced or unresectable colorectal carcinoma (CRC). Materials and Methods: We investigated several tumor microenvironment factors, such as intratumoral budding (ITB), desmoplastic reaction (DR), and Klintrup–Mäkinen (KM) inflammation grade, and the tumor–stroma ratio (TSR) in pretreatment biopsy samples (PBSs) collected from patients with advanced or unresectable CRC. A total of 85 patients with 74 rectal carcinomas and 11 colon cancers treated at our hospital were enrolled; 66 patients had curative surgery and 19 patients received palliative treatment. Results: High-grade ITB was associated with recurrence (p = 0.002), death (p = 0.034), and cancer-specific death (p = 0.034). Immature DR was associated with a higher grade of clinical tumor-node-metastasis stage (cTNM) (p = 0.045), cN category (p = 0.045), and cM category (p = 0.046). The KM grade and TSR were not related to any clinicopathological factors. High-grade ITB had a significant relationship with tumor regression in patients who received curative surgery (p = 0.049). Conclusions: High-grade ITB in PBSs is a potential unfavorable prognostic factor for patients with advanced CRC. Immature DR, TSR, and KM grade could not predict prognosis or therapy response in PBSs.

Keywords

• intratumoral budding (ITB)
• colorectal carcinoma (CRC)
• tumor microenvironment (TME)
• desmoplastic reaction (DR)
• Klintrup–Mäkinen (KM) grade
• tumor–stroma ratio (TSR)