Adolf Kussmaul and Kussmaul's sign

Abstract

Kussmaul's has provided us with three important signs: Pulses paradoxus, Kussmaul's sign and Kussmaul Breathing. This article discusses Kussmaul's sign, its discovery, first description, pathophyiology and exceptions.

Keywords

• Constrictive pericarditis
• Kussmaul's sign
• pulsus paradoxus