Вестник Кемеровского государственного университета (Jun 2015)
TO THE QUESTION OF NEOLITHISATION IN THE FOREST-STEPPE OF WESTERN SIBERIA
Abstract
The paper deals with the development of the Neolithic complexes in Western Siberia from the Tobol river to the Kuznetsk Basin. For a long time it has been considered that the forming of the West Siberian Neolithic complexes was based on the Mesolithic ones, rooted in the local Paleolith. It is traditionally thought that pottery production in this area arose independently, and the most ancient ceramics is sharp-pointed and round-bottomed vessels with a receding and drawn-line decoration. However, the discovery and research of complexes of Boborykino culture in the past decade to the east of the Urals allowed to change the conception of the formation and development of the West Siberian Neolith. For understanding these issues the materials of the settlements on Lake Mergen in Low Ishim basin, Avtodrom 2/2 in the forest-steppe Baraba and Inya 11 in the Salair Ridge area (Prisalairie) have great significance. They allow us to trace the process of Boborykino groups moving to the east and the internal development in migrant communities.Formation and development of Neolithic culture in Western Siberia and the migration process took place at the end of the Boreal and the beginning of Atlantic Holocene period, which is characterized by a gradual increase aridity of the climate and steppe formation landscape. At first Boborykino sites were located on river and lake terraces, and later they were constructed in floodplains, by river beds and lakes shoreline. These complexes on the coast of Lake Mergen are dated by the Atlantic period (Ki 17070 7290 ±140 BP; OxA 27615 7321 ±33 BP; OxA 27706 7147 ±38 BP). The pottery of the Boborykino and Koshkino cultures from settlements of Lake Mergen is similar to the Avtodrom 2/2 ones. On the other hand in the complex of the Avtodrom 2/2 there are vessels with an ornament in the form of oval depressions similar to decoration on ceramics of the Inya 11 site. They noted the similarity between ceramics of Inya 11 and Mergen 7 which have the same form of vessels and ornamentation in receding technique. Materials of the settlement date to the mid-Atlantic Holocene period (SOAN 8897 5790±115 BP; SOAN 8898 5705±95 BP, SOAN 8899 5765 ±95 BP).According to the considered complexes, the process of Western Siberian forest-steppe Neolithic societies formation was based on the interaction between migrants and local population of pre-pottery period.
