Complex Syndrome of the Complete Occlusion of the End of the Superior Mesenteric Vein, Opposed with the Stable Gastric Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 in Rats
Mario Knezevic,
Slaven Gojkovic,
Ivan Krezic,
Helena Zizek,
Hrvoje Vranes,
Dominik Malekinusic,
Borna Vrdoljak,
Tamara Knezevic,
Katarina Horvat Pavlov,
Domagoj Drmic,
Miro Staroveski,
Antonija Djuzel,
Zoran Rajkovic,
Toni Kolak,
Eva Lovric,
Marija Milavic,
Suncana Sikiric,
Ivan Barisic,
Marijan Tepes,
Ante Tvrdeic,
Leonardo Patrlj,
Sanja Strbe,
Marija Sola,
Andrej Situm,
Antonio Kokot,
Alenka Boban Blagaic,
Anita Skrtic,
Sven Seiwerth,
Predrag Sikiric
Affiliations
Mario Knezevic
Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
Slaven Gojkovic
Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
Ivan Krezic
Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
Helena Zizek
Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
Hrvoje Vranes
Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
Dominik Malekinusic
Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
Borna Vrdoljak
Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
Tamara Knezevic
Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
Katarina Horvat Pavlov
Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
Domagoj Drmic
Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
Miro Staroveski
Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
Antonija Djuzel
Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
Zoran Rajkovic
Department of Surgery, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
Toni Kolak
Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
Eva Lovric
Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
Marija Milavic
Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
Suncana Sikiric
Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
Ivan Barisic
Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
Marijan Tepes
Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
Ante Tvrdeic
Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
Leonardo Patrlj
Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
Sanja Strbe
Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
Marija Sola
Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
Andrej Situm
Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
Antonio Kokot
Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
Alenka Boban Blagaic
Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
Anita Skrtic
Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
Sven Seiwerth
Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
Predrag Sikiric
Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
Background. Gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 therapy in rats compensated irremovable occlusion of various vessels and counteracted the consequent multiorgan dysfunction syndromes by activation of the corresponding collateral bypassing loops. Thus, we used BPC 157 therapy against the irremovable occlusion of the end of the superior mesenteric vein. Methods. Assessments, for 30 min (gross recording, venography, ECG, pressure, microscopy, biochemistry, and oxidative stress) include the portal and caval hypertension, aortal hypotension, and centrally, the superior sagittal sinus hypertension, systemic arterial and venous thrombosis, ECG disturbances, MDA-tissue increase, and heart, lung, liver, kidney and gastrointestinal tract, in particular, and brain (cortex (cerebral, cerebellar), hypothalamus/thalamus, hippocampus) lesions. Rats received BPC 157 medication (10 µg/kg, 10 ng/kg) intraperitoneally at 1 or 15 min ligation time. Results. BPC 157 rapidly activated the superior mesenteric vein–inferior anterior pancreati-coduodenal vein–superior anterior pancreaticoduodenal vein–pyloric vein–portal vein pathway, reestablished superior mesenteric vein and portal vein connection and reestablished blood flow. Simultaneously, toward inferior caval vein, an additional pathway appears via the inferior mesenteric vein united with the middle colic vein, throughout its left colic branch to ascertain alternative bypassing blood flow. Consequently, BPC 157 acts peripherally and centrally, and counteracted the intracranial (superior sagittal sinus), portal and caval hypertension, aortal hypotension, ECG disturbances attenuated, abolished progressing venous and arterial thrombosis. Additionally, BPC 157 counteracted multiorgan dysfunction syndrome, heart, lung, liver, kidney and gastrointestinal tract, and brain lesions, and oxidative stress in tissues. Conclusion. BPC 157 therapy may be specific management also for the superior mesenteric vein injuries.