Changes in viscoelastic properties of articular cartilage in early stage of osteoarthritis, as determined by optical coherence tomography-based strain rate tomography

Abstract

Abstract Background Biomechanical changes in articular cartilage are associated with the onset of osteoarthritis. We developed an optical coherence tomography-based strain rate tomography method: stress relaxation optical coherence straingraphy (SR-OCSA). The purpose of this study was to establish an approach for measuring mechanical properties of articular cartilage using SR-OCSA, and to investigate the distribution of viscoelastic properties of articular cartilage in early osteoarthritis. Methods Anterior cruciate ligament transection surgery was performed on the left knees of 8–9-month-old New Zealand white rabbits. SR-OCSA was used to visualize and measure the viscoelastic properties of articular cartilage via attenuation coefficient of strain rate (ACSR). Using the same conditions as in the SR-OCSA test, an indentation test was conducted, and relaxation time was measured to evaluate the relationship between ACSR and relaxation time. Results SR-OCSA could nondestructively detect and visualize changes in the distribution of viscoelastic properties of articular cartilage in early osteoarthritis. SR-OCSA captured significant increases in ACSR in cartilage at 2 weeks after surgery, when a histologically slight osteoarthritis sign was present. As cartilage degeneration progressed, ACSR increased, whereas relaxation time decreased in a time-dependent manner. Moreover, ACSR negatively correlated with relaxation time. In particular, ACSR was elevated around the tidemark and the elevation tended to move as cartilage degeneration progressed. Conclusions SR-OCSA could tomographically and nondestructively detect and visualize changes in the distribution of viscoelastic properties of articular cartilage in early osteoarthritis. The mechanical properties around the tidemark were degraded as cartilage degeneration progressed. Thus, SR-OCSA provides important data needed to understand the biomechanics of early osteoarthritis.

Keywords

• Cartilage
• Osteoarthritis
• Optical coherence tomography
• Viscoelastic property
• Strain rate
• Attenuation coefficient