HYDROLOGICAL RESPONSES OF A WATERSHED TO VEGETATION CHANGES IN A TROPICAL SEMIARID REGION

Abstract

The objective of this work was to assess the effect of vegetation on the runoff coefficients of a Caatinga dry tropical forest before and after thinning. Thus, an experiment was conducted with evaluations in three hydrological years (2008, 2011 and 2013) in Iguatu, State of Ceará, Brazil. In 2008, the vegetation consisted of a 30-year regenerating Caatinga forest. The vegetation was subjected to thinning in 2009, 2011 and 2013, removing trees with less than 10-cm diameter at breast height. Hydrological responses were evaluated as a function of daily precipitation water depths, based on cumulative frequency distribution, by dividing precipitation events into three classes (CP) (CP≤30, 3050 mm). Significant differences between runoff coefficients before and after vegetation thinning were assessed through the Student's t-test (p50 mm) indicate that the runoff is greatly dependent on rainfall characteristics and soil moisture conditions. The greater development of herbaceous vegetation due to thinning reduced the surface runoff.