Zhongguo youzhi (Jun 2024)
黄曲霉毒素B1 降解产物及降解 安全性评价研究进展Research progress on degradation products and degradation safety evaluation of aflatoxin B1
Abstract
为推动黄曲霉毒素B1(AFB1)降解技术的应用，寻求高效、快捷、安全的AFB1降解技术，促进食品中黄曲霉毒素的防治工作，对AFB1降解技术（物理降解技术、化学降解技术、生物降解技术）产生的降解产物以及降解后食品安全性评价研究的现状进行了论述，概括了降解技术的不足之处，并对降解技术的发展趋势进行展望。物理降解技术较适合大规模应用，但微波、脉冲电场、低温等离子体等技术仍处于研发阶段，无法确保该技术的安全性与可靠性。化学降解技术的研究比较常见，但存在食品感官品质变差，营养成分损失或破坏，易引入新的化学残留等不足。生物降解技术具有性质温和，不造成食品中营养成分大量损失且绿色环保等优点，但仍处于实验室研发阶段。在今后的研究中，应加强寻找新型纳米材料发展光降解技术、或各种技术联合使用、或利用基因工程联合酶法脱毒等新型技术，同时应更深入地研究降解机制、降解产物、降解路径以及降解产物的安全性。In order to promote the application of aflatoxin B1(AFB1) degradation technology, seek efficient, fast and safe AFB1 degradation technology, and promote the prevention and control of aflatoxin in food, the research status of degradation products produced by AFB1 degradation technology (physical degradation technology, chemical degradation technology, biological degradation technology) and food safety evaluation after degradation were discussed. The shortcomings of degradation technology were summarized, and the development trend of degradation technology was prospected. Physical degradation technology is more suitable for large-scale application, but microwave, pulsed electric field, low temperature plasma and other technologies are still in the research and development stage, which cannot ensure the safety and reliability of the technology. The study of chemical degradation technology is relatively common, but there are some shortcomings, such as poor sensory quality of food, loss or destruction of nutrients, and easy introduction of new chemical residues. Biological degradation technology has the advantages of mild nature, no loss of nutrients in food and green environmental protection, but it is still in the laboratory research and development stage. In the future research, the search for new nanomaterials to develop photodegradation technology, the combination of various technologies, and the use of genetic engineering combined with enzyme detoxification method and other new technologies should be strengthened. At the same time, the degradation mechanism, degradation products, degradation pathways and the safety of degradation products should be further studied.
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