Ruxolitinib-Loaded Imprinted Polymeric Drug Reservoir for the Local Management of Post-Surgical Residual Glioblastoma Cells

Abstract

(1) Background: The current limitations of glioblastoma (GBM) chemotherapy were addressed by developing a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP)-based drug reservoir designed for the localized and sustained release of ruxolitinib (RUX) within the tumor post-resection cavity, targeting residual infiltrative cancerous cells, with minimum toxic effects toward normal tissue. (2) Methods: MIP reservoirs were synthesized by precipitation polymerization using acrylamide, trifluoromethacrylic acid, methacrylic acid, and styrene as monomers. Drug release profiles were evaluated by real-time and accelerated release studies in phosphate-buffered solution as a release medium. The cytotoxicity of polymers and free monomers was evaluated in vitro on GBM C6 cells using the Alamar Blue assay, optical microscopy, and CCK8 cell viability assay. (3) Results: Among the four synthesized MIPs, trifluoromethacrylic acid-based polymer (MIP 2) was superior in terms of loading capacity (69.9 μg RUX/mg MIP), drug release, and efficacy on GBM cells. Accelerated drug release studies showed that, after 96 h, MIP 2 released 42% of the loaded drug at pH = 7.4, with its kinetics fitted to the Korsmeyer–Peppas model. The cell viability assay proved that all studied imprinted polymers provided high efficacy on GBM cells. (4) Conclusions: Four different drug-loaded MIPs were developed and characterized within this study, with the purpose of obtaining a drug delivery system (DDS) embedded in a fibrin-based hydrogel for the local, post-surgical administration of RUX in GBM in animal models. MIP 2 emerged as superior to the others, making it more suitable and promising for further in vivo testing.

Keywords

• ruxolitinib
• glioblastoma
• drug reservoir
• molecularly imprinted polymers