Dynamical analysis of a delayed food chain model with additive Allee effect

Abstract

Abstract Dynamical analysis of a delayed tri-trophic food chain consisting of prey, an intermediate, and a top predator is investigated in this paper. The additive Allee effect is introduced in the prey population, and it is assumed that there is a time lag due to the gestation effect in the intermediate predator. The interference among the prey and the intermediate predator is according to Holling type II, while the interaction between the intermediate and top predators follows the Crowley–Martin functional response. The local stability and bifurcation analysis of the proposed model at the interior equilibrium point are studied. Numerical simulations are provided to ensure the mathematical results.

Keywords

• Food chain model
• Time-delay
• Allee effect
• Stability analysis
• Hopf bifurcation