Three cases of systemic lupus erythematosus presenting with ischemic stroke as the initial symptom: Case reports and literature review

Abstract

Abstract Background Ischemic stroke constitutes a grave complication within the context of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), typically manifesting several years postdiagnosis of SLE. Incidents where ischemic stroke precedes and acts as an initial symptom of SLE are comparatively rare in its early stages, and such presentations are frequently misdiagnosed as ischemic cerebrovascular diseases, posing significant diagnostic challenges. Case Reports This article presents three cases of young females in whom ischemic stroke emerged as the initial manifestation of SLE. It incorporates a review of 17 case reports published over the past two decades, focusing on patients with SLE where ischemic stroke was a primary symptom. This discussion encompasses the clinical presentation, outcomes, and therapeutic approaches for these patients. Conclusion In young patients, particularly females presenting with ischemic stroke and especially in cases accompanied by hematologic or multisystemic involvement, there should be heightened vigilance for SLE‐induced ischemic stroke. Early diagnosis and treatment significantly enhance patients' quality of life and survival rates.

Keywords

• case reports
• ischemic stroke
• neuropsychiatric lupus
• systemic lupus erythematosus