New Insights from Soil Microorganisms for Sustainable Double Rice-Cropping System with 37-Year Manure Fertilization
Jin Li,
Kai-Luo Liu,
Ji Chen,
Jiang Xie,
Yu Jiang,
Guo-Qiang Deng,
Da-Ming Li,
Xian-Jiao Guan,
Xi-Huang Liang,
Xian-Mao Chen,
Cai-Fei Qiu,
Yin-Fei Qian,
Wen-Jian Xia,
Jia Liu,
Chun-Rui Peng,
Stephen M. Bell,
Jin Chen
Affiliations
Jin Li
School of Tourism and Economic Management, Nanchang Normal University, Nanchang 330032, China
Kai-Luo Liu
Jiangxi Institute of Red Soil/ National Engineering and Technology Research Center for Red Soil Improvement, Nanchang 330046, China
Ji Chen
Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Blichers Allé 20, 8830 Tjele, Denmark
Jiang Xie
Soil and Fertilizer & Resources and Environment Institute, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System for the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/National Engineering and Technology Research Center for Red Soil Improvement/National Agricultural Experimental Station for Agricultural Environment of Yichun, Nanchang 330200, China
Yu Jiang
Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production/National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology in Southern China, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
Guo-Qiang Deng
Soil and Fertilizer & Resources and Environment Institute, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System for the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/National Engineering and Technology Research Center for Red Soil Improvement/National Agricultural Experimental Station for Agricultural Environment of Yichun, Nanchang 330200, China
Da-Ming Li
Jiangxi Institute of Red Soil/ National Engineering and Technology Research Center for Red Soil Improvement, Nanchang 330046, China
Xian-Jiao Guan
Soil and Fertilizer & Resources and Environment Institute, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System for the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/National Engineering and Technology Research Center for Red Soil Improvement/National Agricultural Experimental Station for Agricultural Environment of Yichun, Nanchang 330200, China
Xi-Huang Liang
Soil and Fertilizer & Resources and Environment Institute, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System for the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/National Engineering and Technology Research Center for Red Soil Improvement/National Agricultural Experimental Station for Agricultural Environment of Yichun, Nanchang 330200, China
Xian-Mao Chen
Soil and Fertilizer & Resources and Environment Institute, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System for the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/National Engineering and Technology Research Center for Red Soil Improvement/National Agricultural Experimental Station for Agricultural Environment of Yichun, Nanchang 330200, China
Cai-Fei Qiu
Soil and Fertilizer & Resources and Environment Institute, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System for the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/National Engineering and Technology Research Center for Red Soil Improvement/National Agricultural Experimental Station for Agricultural Environment of Yichun, Nanchang 330200, China
Yin-Fei Qian
Soil and Fertilizer & Resources and Environment Institute, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System for the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/National Engineering and Technology Research Center for Red Soil Improvement/National Agricultural Experimental Station for Agricultural Environment of Yichun, Nanchang 330200, China
Wen-Jian Xia
Soil and Fertilizer & Resources and Environment Institute, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System for the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/National Engineering and Technology Research Center for Red Soil Improvement/National Agricultural Experimental Station for Agricultural Environment of Yichun, Nanchang 330200, China
Jia Liu
Soil and Fertilizer & Resources and Environment Institute, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System for the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/National Engineering and Technology Research Center for Red Soil Improvement/National Agricultural Experimental Station for Agricultural Environment of Yichun, Nanchang 330200, China
Chun-Rui Peng
Soil and Fertilizer & Resources and Environment Institute, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System for the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/National Engineering and Technology Research Center for Red Soil Improvement/National Agricultural Experimental Station for Agricultural Environment of Yichun, Nanchang 330200, China
Stephen M. Bell
Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l′Environnement, LSCE-IPSL (CEA-CNRS-UVSQ), Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
Jin Chen
Soil and Fertilizer & Resources and Environment Institute, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System for the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/National Engineering and Technology Research Center for Red Soil Improvement/National Agricultural Experimental Station for Agricultural Environment of Yichun, Nanchang 330200, China
Long-term intensive use of mineral fertilizers in double rice-cropping systems has led to soil acidification and soil degradation. Manure fertilization was suggested as an alternative strategy to mitigate soil degradation. However, the effects of long-term mineral and manure fertilization on rice grain yield, yield stability, soil organic carbon (SOC) content, soil total nitrogen (TN) content, and the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Based on a long-term experiment established in 1981 in southern China, we compared four treatments: no fertilizer application (Control); application of nitrogen–phosphorus–potassium (NPK); NPK plus green manure in early rice (M1); and M1 plus farmyard manure in late rice and rice straw return in winter (M2). Our results showed that 37 years of NPK, M1, and M2 significantly increased rice grain yield by 54%, 46%, and 72%, and yield stability by 22%, 17%, and 9%, respectively. M1 and M2 significantly increased SOC content by 39% and 23% compared to Control, respectively, whereas there was no difference between Control and NPK. Regarding soil TN content, it was significantly increased by 8%, 46%, and 20% by NPK, M1, and M2, respectively. In addition, M2 significantly increased bacterial OTU richness by 68%, Chao1 index by 79%, and altered the bacterial community composition. Changes in soil nutrient availability and bacterial Simpson index were positively correlated with the changes in grain yield, while shifts in bacterial community were closely related to yield stability. This study provides pioneer comprehensive assessments of the simultaneous responses of grain yield, yield stability, SOC and TN content, nutrient availability, and bacterial community composition to long-term mineral and manure fertilization in a double rice-cropping system. Altogether, this study spanning nearly four decades provides new perspectives for developing sustainable yet intensive rice cultivation to meet growing global demands.
