Lipids Fraction from <i>Caralluma europaea</i> (Guss.): MicroTOF and HPLC Analyses and Exploration of Its Antioxidant, Cytotoxic, Anti-Inflammatory, and Wound Healing Effects
Fatima Ez-Zahra Amrati,
Meryem Slighoua,
Ibrahim Mssillou,
Mohamed Chebaibi,
Renata Galvão de Azevedo,
Smahane Boukhira,
Karina Moslova,
Omkulthom Al Kamaly,
Asmaa Saleh,
André Correa de Oliveira,
Alice de Freitas Gomes,
Gemilson Soares Pontes,
Dalila Bousta
Affiliations
Fatima Ez-Zahra Amrati
Laboratory of Biotechnology, Health, Agrofood and Environment (LBEAS), Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mehraz, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez 30000, Morocco
Meryem Slighoua
Laboratory of Biotechnology, Health, Agrofood and Environment (LBEAS), Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mehraz, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez 30000, Morocco
Ibrahim Mssillou
Laboratory of Natural Substances, Pharmacology, Environment, Modeling, Health & Quality of Life (SNAMOPEQ), Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mahraz, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez 30000, Morocco
Mohamed Chebaibi
Biomedical and Translational Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of the Fez, University of Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, BP 1893, Km 22, Road of Sidi Harazem, Fez 30000, Morocco
Renata Galvão de Azevedo
Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Amazonian Research (INPA), Av. André Araújo 2.936, Petrópolis, Manaus 69067-375, AM, Brazil
Smahane Boukhira
Laboratory of Biotechnology, Health, Agrofood and Environment (LBEAS), Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mehraz, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez 30000, Morocco
Karina Moslova
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, 00100 Helsinki, Finland
Omkulthom Al Kamaly
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
Asmaa Saleh
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
André Correa de Oliveira
Post-Graduate Program in Hematology, School of Health Sciences, University of the State of Amazonas, Av. Djalma Batista 3578, Manaus 69050-010, AM, Brazil
Alice de Freitas Gomes
Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Amazonian Research (INPA), Av. André Araújo 2.936, Petrópolis, Manaus 69067-375, AM, Brazil
Gemilson Soares Pontes
Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Amazonian Research (INPA), Av. André Araújo 2.936, Petrópolis, Manaus 69067-375, AM, Brazil
Dalila Bousta
Laboratory of Biotechnology, Health, Agrofood and Environment (LBEAS), Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mehraz, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez 30000, Morocco
Caralluma europaea is a medicinal plant used in Morocco to cure a variety of illnesses. This study was conducted to determine the chemical composition, the antioxidant, antiproliferative, anti-inflammatory, and wound healing activities of C. europaea lipids. The chemical composition of C. europaea was analyzed using time-of-flight mass spectrometry and high-performance liquid chromatography. The antioxidant potential was determined using the 2,2-di-phenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH), and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) tests. The antiproliferative effect was evaluated by MTT assay against HL60, K562, Huh-7 cancer cells, and normal Vero cells. The anti-inflammatory potential was conducted against carrageenan-induced paw edema. The wound healing effect was evaluated against skin burns for 21 days. The identified phytochemical compounds were docked for their effect on nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase, caspase-3, lipoxygenase, glycogen synthase kinase-3-β, and protein casein kinase-1. The results showed the presence of some lipids, such as linoleic acid and vitamin D3. The DPPH (IC50 = 0.018 mg/mL) and FRAP (EC50 = 0.084 mg/mL) of C. europaea lipids showed an important antioxidant effect. For the anti-inflammatory test, an inhibition of 83.50% was recorded after 6 h of treatment. Our extract showed the greatest wound retraction on the 21st day (98.20%). C. europaea lipids showed a remarkable antitumoral effect against the K562 cell line (IC50 = 37.30 µg/mL), with no effect on Vero cells (IC50 > 100 µg/mL). Lignoceric acid was the most active molecule against caspase-3 (−6.453 kcal/mol). The findings indicate the growing evidence of C. europaea as a potential treatment for several diseases.
