Study of the serum sodium changes in children between 3 months and 5 years age receiving isotonic maintenance intravenous fluids

Abstract

Background: Isotonic fluid is now the accepted standard of practice as maintenance intravenous fluids. The use of hypotonic fluids has been associated with electrolyte imbalance which could potentially lead to morbidity and mortality. The aim of this prospective study was to assess whether the use of isotonic fluids causes significant changes in the serum sodium concentration and is associated with any related complications in the age group between 3 months and 5 years. Methods: Serum sodium was measured at 0, 12, 24, and 48 h of commencement of isotonic intravenous fluids. Results were analyzed separately for groups between 3–12 months and 13–60 months. Results: All the children in the study group had sodium levels within normal range before the commencement of intravenous fluids. There was no significant change in the mean sodium levels at 12, 24, and 48 h of commencement of intravenous fluids in the age groups between 3–12 months and 13–60 months. There were no complications noted with the use of isotonic intravenous fluids. Conclusion: Use of isotonic intravenous fluids in the age group between 3 months and 5 years is not associated with significant changes in the serum sodium concentrations or adverse events. Hence, isotonic intravenous fluid can be used safely for maintaining hydration in children.

Keywords

• Electrolyte imbalance
• hypotonic fluids
• isotonic fluids
• serum sodium