Sensibilización a ácaros y hongos en pacientes con dermatitis atópica, estudio de seis años

Abstract

Background: in patients with atopic dermatitis, sensitization to environmental allergens is a risk factor for asthma and/or allergic rhinitis and increases the severity of this disease. Objective: to determine the sensitization to environmental mites and fungi in patients with atopic dermatitis treated at the Allergy service of "Romárico Oro" polyclinic in Puerto Padre, from 2015 to 2020. Methods: an observational, descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out in 62 patients diagnosed with atopic dermatitis, at the institution and period aforementioned. Data were obtained from individual medical records and each patient underwent to a Prick skin test with allergenic extracts from three mites and three environmental fungi. Descriptive statistical tests were used and the t-student and Chi-square tests to compare variables. Results: it was more frequent in patients under 10 years (54.84 %) and females (53.23 %); 62.9 % of patients with positive skin tests had a family history of atopic dermatitis or allergic disease. Sensitization to one of the allergens occurred in 77.77 % of the patients at least, with a predominant positive response to mites (X2=11.82; p=0.0006); Blomia tropicalis was the most represented mite and Cladosporium herbarum was the predominant fungus; in 54.84 % of the patients, atopic dermatitis coexisted with respiratory allergies. Conclusions: sensitization to environmental mites and fungi was determined in the sample of patients with atopic dermatitis studied.

Keywords

• pruebas cutáneas
• dermatitis atópica
• hipersensibilidad