Association of Left Atrial Function With Incident Chronic Kidney Disease in Older Adults

Abstract

Objective: To examine the association of left atrial (LA) function with incident chronic kidney disease (CKD) and assess the clinical utility of adding LA function to a CKD risk prediction equation. Patients and Methods: We included 4002 Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study participants without prevalent CKD (mean ± SD age, 75±5 years; 58% female, 18% Black). Left atrial function (reservoir, conduit, and contractile strain) was evaluated by 2D-echocardiograms on 2011 to 2013. Chronic kidney disease was defined as greater than 25% decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate of less than 60 mL/min/1.73 m2, end-stage kidney disease, or hospital records. Cox proportional hazards models were used. Risk prediction and decision curve analyses evaluated 5-year CKD risk by diabetes status. Results: Median follow-up was 7.2 years, and 598 participants developed incident CKD. Incidence rate for CKD was 2.29 per 100 person-years. After multivariable adjustments, the lowest quintile of LA reservoir, conduit, and contractile strain (vs highest quintile) had a higher risk of CKD (hazard ratios [95% CIs]: 1.94 [1.42-2.64], 1.62 [1.19-2.20], and 1.49 [1.12-1.99]). Adding LA reservoir strain to the CKD risk prediction equation variables increased the C-index by 0.026 (95% CI: 0.005-0.051) and 0.031 (95% CI: 0.006-0.058) in participants without and with diabetes, respectively. Decision curve analysis found the model with LA reservoir strain had a higher net benefit than the model with CKD risk prediction equation variables alone. Conclusion: Lower LA function is independently associated with incident CKD. Adding LA function to the CKD risk prediction enhances prediction and yields a higher clinical net benefit. These findings suggest that impaired LA function may be a novel risk factor for CKD.