Genome Sequence of <i>Eubacterium limosum</i> B2 and Evolution for Growth on a Mineral Medium with Methanol and CO₂ as Sole Carbon Sources

Abstract

Eubacterium limosum is an acetogen that can produce butyrate along with acetate as the main fermentation end-product from methanol, a promising C1 feedstock. Although physiological characterization of E. limosum B2 during methylotrophy was previously performed, the strain was cultured in a semi-defined medium, limiting the scope for further metabolic insights. Here, we sequenced the complete genome of the native strain and performed adaptive laboratory evolution to sustain growth on methanol mineral medium. The evolved population significantly improved its maximal growth rate by 3.45-fold. Furthermore, three clones from the evolved population were isolated on methanol mineral medium without cysteine by the addition of sodium thiosulfate. To identify mutations related to growth improvement, the whole genomes of wild-type E. limosum B2, the 10th, 25th, 50th, and 75th generations, and the three clones were sequenced. We explored the total proteomes of the native and the best evolved clone (n°2) and noticed significant differences in proteins involved in gluconeogenesis, anaplerotic reactions, and sulphate metabolism. Furthermore, a homologous recombination was found in subunit S of the type I restriction-modification system between both strains, changing the structure of the subunit, its sequence recognition and the methylome of the evolved clone. Taken together, the genomic, proteomic and methylomic data suggest a possible epigenetic mechanism of metabolic regulation.

Keywords

• <i>Eubacterium limosum</i>
• acetogen
• adaptive laboratory evolution
• genome sequence
• methanol
• butyric acid