Detection of <i>mecA</i> Genes in Hospital-Acquired MRSA and SOSA Strains Associated with Biofilm Formation
Rosa González-Vázquez,
María Guadalupe Córdova-Espinoza,
Alejandro Escamilla-Gutiérrez,
María del Rocío Herrera-Cuevas,
Raquel González-Vázquez,
Ana Laura Esquivel-Campos,
Laura López-Pelcastre,
Wendoline Torres-Cubillas,
Lino Mayorga-Reyes,
Felipe Mendoza-Pérez,
María Angélica Gutiérrez-Nava,
Silvia Giono-Cerezo
Affiliations
Rosa González-Vázquez
Laboratorio de Bacteriologia Medica, Departamento de Microbiologia, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biologicas, Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Prolongacion de Carpio y Plan de Ayala S/N, Col. Casco de Santo Tomas, Alcaldia Miguel Hidalgo, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
María Guadalupe Córdova-Espinoza
Laboratorio de Bacteriologia Medica, Departamento de Microbiologia, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biologicas, Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Prolongacion de Carpio y Plan de Ayala S/N, Col. Casco de Santo Tomas, Alcaldia Miguel Hidalgo, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
Alejandro Escamilla-Gutiérrez
Laboratorio de Bacteriologia Medica, Departamento de Microbiologia, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biologicas, Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Prolongacion de Carpio y Plan de Ayala S/N, Col. Casco de Santo Tomas, Alcaldia Miguel Hidalgo, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
María del Rocío Herrera-Cuevas
Laboratorio de Bacteriologia Medica, Departamento de Microbiologia, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biologicas, Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Prolongacion de Carpio y Plan de Ayala S/N, Col. Casco de Santo Tomas, Alcaldia Miguel Hidalgo, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
Raquel González-Vázquez
Laboratorio de Biotecnologia, Departamento de Sistemas Biologicos, CONAHCYT-Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana Campus Xochimilco, Calzada del Hueso 1100, Col. Villa Quietud, Alcaldia Coyoacan, Mexico City 04960, Mexico
Ana Laura Esquivel-Campos
Laboratorio de Biotecnologia, Departamento de Sistemas Biologicos, Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana Campus Xochimilco, Calzada del Hueso 1100, Col. Villa Quietud, Alcaldia Coyoacan, Mexico City 04960, Mexico
Laura López-Pelcastre
Hospital de Especialidades, “Dr Antonio Fraga Mouret” Centro Medico Nacional La Raza, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social IMSS, Mexico City 02990, Mexico
Wendoline Torres-Cubillas
Hospital de Especialidades, “Dr Antonio Fraga Mouret” Centro Medico Nacional La Raza, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social IMSS, Mexico City 02990, Mexico
Lino Mayorga-Reyes
Laboratorio de Biotecnologia, Departamento de Sistemas Biologicos, Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana Campus Xochimilco, Calzada del Hueso 1100, Col. Villa Quietud, Alcaldia Coyoacan, Mexico City 04960, Mexico
Felipe Mendoza-Pérez
Laboratorio de Biotecnologia, Departamento de Sistemas Biologicos, Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana Campus Xochimilco, Calzada del Hueso 1100, Col. Villa Quietud, Alcaldia Coyoacan, Mexico City 04960, Mexico
María Angélica Gutiérrez-Nava
Laboratorio de Ecologia Microbiana, Departamento de Sistemas Biologicos, Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana Campus Xochimilco, Calzada del Hueso 1100, Col. Villa Quietud, Alcaldia Coyoacan, Mexico City 04960, Mexico
Silvia Giono-Cerezo
Laboratorio de Bacteriologia Medica, Departamento de Microbiologia, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biologicas, Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Prolongacion de Carpio y Plan de Ayala S/N, Col. Casco de Santo Tomas, Alcaldia Miguel Hidalgo, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
Methicillin-resistant (MR) Staphylococcus aureus (SA) and others, except for Staphylococcus aureus (SOSA), are common in healthcare-associated infections. SOSA encompass largely coagulase-negative staphylococci, including coagulase-positive staphylococcal species. Biofilm formation is encoded by the icaADBC operon and is involved in virulence. mecA encodes an additional penicillin-binding protein (PBP), PBP2a, that avoids the arrival of β-lactams at the target, found in the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec). This work aims to detect mecA, the bap gene, the icaADBC operon, and types of SCCmec associated to biofilm in MRSA and SOSA strains. A total of 46% (37/80) of the strains were S. aureus, 44% (35/80) S. epidermidis, 5% (4/80) S. haemolyticus, 2.5% (2/80) S. hominis, 1.25% (1/80) S. intermedius, and 1.25% (1/80) S. saprophyticus. A total of 85% were MR, of which 95.5% showed mecA and 86.7% β-lactamase producers; thus, Staphylococcus may have more than one resistance mechanism. Healthcare-associated infection strains codified type I-III genes of SCCmec; types IV and V were associated to community-acquired strains (CA). Type II prevailed in MRSA mecA strains and type II and III in MRSOSA (methicillin-resistant staphylococci other than Staphylococcus aureus). The operon icaADBC was found in 24% of SA and 14% of SOSA; probably the arrangement of the operon, fork formation, and mutations influenced the variation. Methicillin resistance was mainly mediated by the mecA gene; however, there may be other mechanisms that also participate, since biofilm production is related to genes of the icaADBC operon and methicillin resistance was not associated with biofilm production. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen surveillance to prevent the spread of these outbreaks both in the nosocomial environment and in the community.
