Chemical Composition and In Vitro Antioxidant Activity of <i>Sida rhombifolia</i> L. Volatile Organic Compounds

Abstract

In the current study, the phytochemical constituents of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) obtained from Sida rhombifolia L. were identified by GC-FID and GC-MS analysis. A total of 73 volatile organic compounds were identified. The major components of S. rhombifolia VOCs were identified as palmitic acid (21.56%), phytol (7.02%), 6,10,14-trimethyl-2-pentadecanone (6.30%), oleic acid (5.48%), 2-pentyl-furan (5.23%), and linoleic acid (3.21%). The VOCs are rich in fatty acids (32.50%), olefine aldehyde (9.59%), ketone (9.41%), enol (9.02%), aldehyde (8.63%), and ketene (6.41%). The antioxidant capacity of S. rhombifolia VOCs was determined by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate (DPPH), 2,2-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazolin-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS), and ferric reducing/antioxidant power (FRAP) methods with butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) and Trolox as standard. The VOCs showed dose-dependent antioxidant activity with IC50 (50% inhibitory concentration) values of 5.48 ± 0.024 and 1.47 ± 0.012 mg/mL for DPPH and ABTS assays, respectively. FRAP antioxidant capacity was 83.10 ± 1.66 mM/g. The results show that the VOCs distilled from S. rhombifolia have a moderate antioxidant property that can be utilized as a natural botanical supplement or an antioxidant.

Keywords

• <i>Sida rhombifolia</i> L.
• volatile organic compounds (VOCs)
• GC-MS
• GC-FID
• antioxidant activity