Risk Factors for Prosthetic Joint Infection after Primary Hip Arthroplasty

Abstract

Prosthetic joint infection (PJI) after primary hip arthroplasty (PHA) in most cases results in severe surgical and socio-economic problems. Along with improving the technical support of arthroplasty and antibiotic prevention schemes, a key point in reducing the rate of infectious complications is predicting of PJI in each individual patient. The purpose of the study was to reveal the key features of our patients with infectious complications after PHA in comparison with the patients with a successful outcome of arthroplasty. Materials and Methods. The outcomes of 249 cases of PHA were evaluated retrospectively. 115 of them subsequently developed PJI (main group) and 134 were without infectious complications (control group). The comparative analysis of the groups was aimed at identifying the key preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative factors for PJI, as well as combinations of the factors characteristic for our patients. Results. The risk group for the development of infectious complications included patients undergone hip surgery (p<0.001), body mass index >40 kg/m2 (p = 0.170), preoperative hemoglobin <115 g/L (p = 0.063), duration of the operation >90 min (p<0.001), intraoperative blood loss >410 ml (p<0.001), CRP >69 mg/L on day 4 th to 5 th after PHA (p<0.001), as well as a combination of 4 or more of the above factors (p<0.001). Conclusion. We believe that the correction of the management tactics of such patients taking into account the identified risk factors will reduce the incidence of PJI after PHA.

Keywords

• revision hip arthroplasty
• complications of arthroplasty
• prosthetic joint infection
• risk factors of infectious complications after arthroplasty