Sequentially Delineation of Rooftops with Holes from VHR Aerial Images Using a Convolutional Recurrent Neural Network

Abstract

Semantic and instance segmentation methods are commonly used to build extraction from high-resolution images. The semantic segmentation method involves assigning a class label to each pixel in the image, thus ignoring the geometry of the building rooftop, which results in irregular shapes of the rooftop edges. As for instance segmentation, there is a strong assumption within this method that there exists only one outline polygon along the rooftop boundary. In this paper, we present a novel method to sequentially delineate exterior and interior contours of rooftops with holes from VHR aerial images, where most of the buildings have holes, by integrating semantic segmentation and polygon delineation. Specifically, semantic segmentation from the Mask R-CNN is used as a prior for hole detection. Then, the holes are used as objects for generating the internal contours of the rooftop. The external and internal contours of the rooftop are inferred separately using a convolutional recurrent neural network. Experimental results showed that the proposed method can effectively delineate the rooftops with both one and multiple polygons and outperform state-of-the-art methods in terms of the visual results and six statistical indicators, including IoU, OA, F1, BoundF, RE and Hd.

Keywords

• building extraction
• rooftop delineation with holes
• convolutional neural network (CNN)
• recurrent neural network (RNN)