In Situ Growth of COF/PVA-Carrageenan Hydrogel Using the Impregnation Method for the Purpose of Highly Sensitive Ammonia Detection
Xiyu Chen,
Min Zeng,
Tao Wang,
Wangze Ni,
Jianhua Yang,
Nantao Hu,
Tong Zhang,
Zhi Yang
Affiliations
Xiyu Chen
National Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro and Nano Manufacture Technology, Department of Micro/Nano Electronics, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
Min Zeng
National Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro and Nano Manufacture Technology, Department of Micro/Nano Electronics, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
Tao Wang
National Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro and Nano Manufacture Technology, Department of Micro/Nano Electronics, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
Wangze Ni
National Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro and Nano Manufacture Technology, Department of Micro/Nano Electronics, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
Jianhua Yang
National Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro and Nano Manufacture Technology, Department of Micro/Nano Electronics, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
Nantao Hu
National Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro and Nano Manufacture Technology, Department of Micro/Nano Electronics, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
Tong Zhang
State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
Zhi Yang
National Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro and Nano Manufacture Technology, Department of Micro/Nano Electronics, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
Flexible ammonia (NH3) gas sensors have gained increasing attention for their potential in medical diagnostics and health monitoring, as they serve as a biomarker for kidney disease. Utilizing the pre-designable and porous properties of covalent organic frameworks (COFs) is an innovative way to address the demand for high-performance NH3 sensing. However, COF particles frequently encounter aggregation, low conductivity, and mechanical rigidity, reducing the effectiveness of portable NH3 detection. To overcome these challenges, we propose a practical approach using polyvinyl alcohol-carrageenan (κPVA) as a template for in the situ growth of two-dimensional COF film and particles to produce a flexible hydrogel gas sensor (COF/κPVA). The synergistic effect of COF and κPVA enhances the gas sensing, water retention, and mechanical properties. The COF/κPVA hydrogel shows a 54.4% response to 1 ppm NH3 with a root mean square error of less than 5% and full recovery compared to the low response and no recovery of bare κPVA. Owing to the dual effects of the COF film and the particles anchoring the water molecules, the COF/κPVA hydrogel remained stable after 70 h in atmospheric conditions, in contrast, the bare κPVA hydrogel was completely dehydrated. Our work might pave the way for highly sensitive hydrogel gas sensors, which have intriguing applications in flexible electronic devices for gas sensing.
