Understanding the potential immunogenetic role of TNFα-308 polymorphism in the pathogenesis of recurrent miscarriage
Shafat Ali,
Sabhiya Majid,
Md Niamat Ali,
Mujeeb Zafar Banday,
Shahnaz Taing
Affiliations
Shafat Ali
Cytogenetics and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Centre of Research for Development, University of Kashmir, Jammu and Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006, India; Department of Biochemistry, Government Medical College, Jammu and Kashmir, Srinagar, 190010, India; Multidisciplinary Research Unit, Government Medical College, Jammu and Kashmir, Srinagar, 190010, India; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Government Medical College-associated Lalla Ded Hospital, Jammu and Kashmir, Srinagar, 190008, India
Sabhiya Majid
Department of Biochemistry, Government Medical College, Jammu and Kashmir, Srinagar, 190010, India; Multidisciplinary Research Unit, Government Medical College, Jammu and Kashmir, Srinagar, 190010, India; Corresponding author. Department of Biochemistry, Government Medical College, Jammu and Kashmir, Srinagar, 190010, India.
Md Niamat Ali
Cytogenetics and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Centre of Research for Development, University of Kashmir, Jammu and Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006, India; Corresponding author.
Mujeeb Zafar Banday
Department of Biochemistry, Government Medical College, Jammu and Kashmir, Srinagar, 190010, India
Shahnaz Taing
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Government Medical College-associated Lalla Ded Hospital, Jammu and Kashmir, Srinagar, 190008, India
Background: Recurrent miscarriage (RM) represents the spontaneous termination of two or more successive pregnancies. TNFα is a proinflammatory cytokine that is often considered harmful for embryonic development when expressed beyond normal levels. Aim: The study was conducted to assess the association between TNFα-308 polymorphism and RM pathogenesis. Methods: Samples of blood were obtained from patients and controls through venipuncture. The levels of TNFα in serum were measured by ELISA. TNFα gene promoter-associated single-nucleotide polymorphism was investigated with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) techniques with precise primers and the restriction endonuclease, NcoI. Results: Serum TNFα levels in patients were considerably high (p 0.9999) models, respectively. Further, the TNFα-308G/A genotype frequencies were in concord with HWE both in the controls (χ2 = 3.235; p = 0.1985) and the patients (χ2 = 0.0117; p = 0.9942). Conclusion: The serum TNFα levels were significantly higher in the patients than the controls. The genotyping analysis also demonstrated that TNFα-308G/A SNP significantly increases the overall risk of RM, suggesting that the SNP modulates the TNFα gene expression and thereby increases serum TNFα levels that adversely affect the pregnancy outcome.
