Deuterium retention in reduced activation ferritic/martensitic steel EUROFER97 exposed to low-energy deuterium plasma

Abstract

EUROFER97 steel samples were exposed to deuterium plasma in the linear plasma device PISCES-A with the ion energies of 90 and 140 eV at exposure temperatures between 360 and 773 K to deuterium ion fluences between 3.8 × 1023 and 6.3 × 1025 m−2. RBS analysis of these plasma-exposed samples showed that the uppermost surface layers were enriched with tungsten and tantalum. Deuterium depth profiles in the plasma-exposed samples were examined using the energy-scanning NRA technique allowing measurements of the deuterium depth profiles at depths of up to about 9 μm. With an increase in the exposure temperature from 360 to 773 K, the deuterium retention in the 1 µm thick sub-surface layer decreased almost monotonically from about 1 × 1019 D/m2 to 5 × 1017 D/m2. The deuterium concentration at a depth of 8 μm demonstrated a different temperature dependence - with an increase in the exposure temperature from 360 to 500 K, the deuterium concentration significantly decreased from about 4 × 10−3 to (4 ± 3) × 10−5 at.%. With a further increase in the temperature up to 773 K, the deuterium concentration at a depth of 8 μm became equal to or less than 5 × 10−5 at.%.

Keywords

• Deuterium depth profiles
• Deuterium plasma
• Deuterium retention
• EUROFER97 steel