In Vitro Effects of Cypermethrin and Glyphosate on LPS-Induced Immune Cell Activation
Narjesse El Mabrouk,
Martina Iulini,
Ambra Maddalon,
Valentina Galbiati,
Hedi Harizi,
Maha Mastouri,
Emanuela Corsini
Affiliations
Narjesse El Mabrouk
Laboratory of Transmissible Diseases and Biologically Active Substances, Faculty of Pharmacy, Monastir University, Avenue Avicienne, Monastir 5019, Tunisia
Martina Iulini
Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences ‘Rodolfo Paoletti’, University of Milan, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milan, Italy
Ambra Maddalon
Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences ‘Rodolfo Paoletti’, University of Milan, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milan, Italy
Valentina Galbiati
Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences ‘Rodolfo Paoletti’, University of Milan, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milan, Italy
Hedi Harizi
Laboratory of Transmissible Diseases and Biologically Active Substances, Faculty of Pharmacy, Monastir University, Avenue Avicienne, Monastir 5019, Tunisia
Maha Mastouri
Laboratory of Transmissible Diseases and Biologically Active Substances, Faculty of Pharmacy, Monastir University, Avenue Avicienne, Monastir 5019, Tunisia
Emanuela Corsini
Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences ‘Rodolfo Paoletti’, University of Milan, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milan, Italy
(1) Background: The insecticide cypermethrin (Cypm) and the herbicide glyphosate (Glyp) are among the most widely used pesticides. While the two pesticides have been considered to have low toxicity in mammals, some indication of potential immunotoxicity has emerged. The aim of this work was to investigate in vitro the effects of Cypm and Glyp on bacteria lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced immune cell activation and of Cypm on 2-mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT)-induced maturation of dendritic cells (DCs). (2) Methods: The release of the inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-8, the expression of the surface markers CD54 and CD86 in human primary peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), and THP-1 cells were investigated together with CD83, HLA-DR, IL-6, and IL-18 in DCs. (3) Results: While no significant modulation on LPS-induced immune cell activation was observed following Glyp exposure, with only a trend toward an increase at the highest concentration tested, Cypm reduced the responses to LPS and to MBT, supporting a direct immunosuppressive effect. Overall, the present study contributes to our understanding of pesticide-induced immunotoxicity, and the results obtained support evidence showing the immunosuppressive effects of Cypm.
