Наукові горизонти (Jul 2020)
COMPREHENSIVE ASSESSMENT OF CROPS ROTATIONS WITH DIFFERENT SATURATION OF OILSEEDS IN THE RIGHT-BANK FOREST-STEPPE
Abstract
Production of oilseeds for agricultural producers is one of the main sources of profitability, which allows to ensure efficient operation. The constant growth in demand for rapeseed, soybean and sunflower seeds both in Ukraine and on the world market has led to an expansion of the area occupied by these crops. The purpose of the research is to conduct a comparative assessment of short-rotation crop rotations saturated with oilseeds, and to determine the most effective options for the zone of sufficient moisture of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe. Field research was conducted in a long-term stationary experiment at the Khmelnytsky State Agricultural Research Station of the Institute of Feed and Agriculture of Podillya NAAS during 2016-2018 on chernozem podzolic in five-field crop rotations, saturated with 40-60% grain and 40-60% oilseeds. According to research, the highest level of profitability of 157% was provided by crop rotation saturated with 40% oilseeds, of which 20% winter rape and 20% soybeans, the cost of which was the highest at the lowest cost of cultivation. The energy efficiency ratio was 4.57 conventional units. With the introduction of 40% of winter rape in crop rotation, oil harvest increased by 45%, but other productivity indicators per hectare of crop rotation area decreased significantly. High average yield of grain crops – 6.93 t/ha, harvest of feed units – 7.12 tons, digestible protein – 0.790 tons per hectare of crop rotation area at a level of profitability of 111% was obtained in crop rotation saturated with 60% grain and 40% oilseeds, of which 20% sunflower and 20% soybeans, under an alternative fertilizer system. The energy efficiency ratio was 3.52 conventional units. The use of only a mineral fertilizer system in an identical crop rotation set increased the energy efficiency of a hectare of crop rotation area
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