Are Endodontic Solvents Cytotoxic? An In Vitro Study on Human Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells
José Luis Sanz,
Sergio López-García,
Leopoldo Forner,
Francisco Javier Rodríguez-Lozano,
David García-Bernal,
Sonia Sánchez-Bautista,
Clara Puig-Herreros,
Vicent Rosell-Clari,
Ricardo E. Oñate-Sánchez
Affiliations
José Luis Sanz
Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Universitat de València, 46010 Valencia, Spain
Sergio López-García
Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Universitat de València, 46010 Valencia, Spain
Leopoldo Forner
Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Universitat de València, 46010 Valencia, Spain
Francisco Javier Rodríguez-Lozano
Department of Dermatology, Stomatology, Radiology and Physical Medicine, Morales Meseguer Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, 30008 Murcia, Spain
David García-Bernal
Department of Dermatology, Stomatology, Radiology and Physical Medicine, Morales Meseguer Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, 30008 Murcia, Spain
Sonia Sánchez-Bautista
Department of Health Sciences, Catholic University San Antonio of Murcia, 30107 Murcia, Spain
Clara Puig-Herreros
Department of Basic Psychology, Speech Therapy University Clinic, Universitat de València, 46010 Valencia, Spain
Vicent Rosell-Clari
Department of Basic Psychology, Speech Therapy University Clinic, Universitat de València, 46010 Valencia, Spain
Ricardo E. Oñate-Sánchez
Department of Dermatology, Stomatology, Radiology and Physical Medicine, Morales Meseguer Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, 30008 Murcia, Spain
The aim of this study was to assess the influence of eucalyptol, chloroform, and Endosolv on the proliferative capability, cell viability, and migration rates of human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) in vitro. Solvent eluates were formulated following ISO 10993-5 guidelines, and 1%, 0.25%, and 0.1% dilutions were prepared. The HPDLSCs were isolated from the extracted third molars of healthy donors. The following parameters were assessed: cell viability via trypan blue and IC50 assays, cell migration via horizontal wound healing assay, cell morphology via cell cytoskeleton staining (phalloidin labeling), and cell oxidative stress via reactive oxygen species assay. The data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s posthoc tests, and their significance was established at p < 0.05. Chloroform and eucalyptol exhibited significantly higher cytotoxicity on the hPDLSCs in vitro compared to the control group, as shown by the cell viability, migration, morphology, and reactive oxygen species release assays. Alternatively, Endosolv showed adequate cytotoxicity levels comparable to those of the control group. The cytotoxicity of the tested endodontic solvents increased in a dose-dependent manner. The results from the present study highlight the cytotoxicity of chloroform and eucalyptol. Thus, their limited and cautious use is recommended, avoiding solvent extrusion.
