Longitudinal evolution of physical activity type and eating and weight concerns among adolescents

Abstract

Abstract Purpose To provide a prospective 2 year follow-up of a previously enrolled adolescent high school sample, regarding body image and eating concerns, and patterns of sports type and physical activity. Methods Sports type, weekly time devoted to it, and psychopathological self-reports (Eating Disorders Examination Questionnaire 6.0, Body Uneasiness Test, and Muscle Dysmorphia Disorder Inventory) were evaluated longitudinally in a general population sample enrolled in a previous study, testing prospective variations in an observational setting. Results At follow-up, girls expressed increased dietary restraint and body uneasiness as compared to baseline, whereas boys expressed increased body uneasiness—and specifically in the avoidance, depersonalisation and compulsive self-monitoring dimensions. Among both sexes, a significant shift towards individual activities or lack of activity was observed after 2 years, with a reduction in team sports involvement. Among girls, time devoted to exercise significantly decreased at follow-up. Conclusions The present findings indirectly confirm an increased vulnerability to dietary, bodily and appearance-based concerns among adolescents. The role of different patterns of physical activity and exercise time may interact bidirectionally with these problematic areas, considering that previous studies point out increased concerns among inactive subjects, and among those who choose individual activities. Level of evidence: Level IV-longitudinal observational study.

Keywords

• Adolescence
• Eating disorders
• Physical activity
• Body uneasiness
• Muscle dysmorphia