Development of three UV-spectroscopic methods for simultaneous estimation of raloxifene and aspirin in pharmaceutical dosage form: Whiteness and greenness assessment with application of ComplexGAPI, AGREE, and RGB

Abstract

This study evaluates three spectrophotometric techniques for quantifying a binary combination of raloxifene and aspirin in terms of whiteness and greenness. Application of green and white analytical chemistry has gained widespread acceptance in the analytical community. The whiteness and greenness of the assessment were evaluated using three approaches: Complex green analytical procedure index, Analytical GREEnness calculator and Red Green Blue additive model. The technique (I) uses the simultaneous equation methodology for raloxifene at 285 nm and aspirin at 222 nm, respectively. Method (II) includes the area under the curve operating at (280–290) nm and (217–227) nm for raloxifene and aspirin, respectively. Method (III) operates using the first derivative method for raloxifene at 269 nm and aspirin at 216 nm. The linearity range was 2–14 µg/ml for three methods. P-Values were found satisfactory at a 95 % level of confidence. These techniques were intended for the binary mixture analysis in investigational formulations with high recoveries. The developed methods were validated according to ICH guidelines. These developed methods have been utilized in routine analysis to simultaneously determine raloxifene and aspirin without pre-extraction.

Keywords

• Raloxifene
• Aspirin
• UV spectroscopic method
• White analytical chemistry
• Green analytical chemistry