International Journal of Nanomedicine (Nov 2024)
Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery Systems Enhance Treatment of Cognitive Defects
Abstract
Gofarana Wilar,1,2,* Cecep Suhandi,2,* Nasrul Wathoni,2,* Kohji Fukunaga,3,4,* Ichiro Kawahata4,* 1Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, 45363, Indonesia; 2Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, 45363, Indonesia; 3Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan; 4Department of CNS Drug Innovation, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Gofarana Wilar, Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, 45363, Indonesia, Tel/Fax +62 812 97574112, Email [email protected]: Nanoparticle-based drug delivery presents a promising solution in enhancing therapies for neurological diseases, particularly cognitive impairment. These nanoparticles address challenges related to the physicochemical profiles of drugs that hinder their delivery to the central nervous system (CNS). Benefits include improved solubility due to particle size reduction, enhanced drug penetration across the blood-brain barrier (BBB), and sustained release mechanisms suitable for long-term therapy. Successful application of nanoparticle delivery systems requires careful consideration of their characteristics tailored for CNS delivery, encompassing particle size and distribution, surface charge and morphology, loading capacity, and drug release kinetics. Literature review reveals three main types of nanoparticles developed for cognitive function enhancement: polymeric nanoparticles, lipid-based nanoparticles, and metallic or inorganic nanoparticles. Each type and its production methods possess distinct advantages and limitations. Further modifications such as coating agents or ligand conjugation have been explored to enhance their brain cell uptake. Evidence supporting their development shows improved efficacy outcomes, evidenced by enhanced cognitive function assessments, modulation of pro-oxidant markers, and anti-inflammatory activities. Despite these advancements, clinical trials validating the efficacy of nanoparticle systems in treating cognitive defects are lacking. Therefore, these findings underscore the need for researchers to expedite clinical testing to provide robust evidence of the potential of nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems.Keywords: Nanoparticle, cognitive impairment, polymeric nanoparticle, inorganic nanoparticle, lipid-based nanoparticle
